Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q751.
Which organ stores bile produced by the liver?
A
Stomach
B
Small intestine
C
Gallbladder
D
Pancreas
Correct Answer: C
The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile before it enters the intestine.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q752.
In the water cycle, what is the term for water vapor cooling and turning into liquid droplets?
A
Evaporation
B
Condensation
C
Precipitation
D
Transpiration
Correct Answer: B
Condensation is the process where vapor turns into liquid water.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q753.
Which of the following is a renewable resource?
A
Oil
B
Natural gas
C
Solar energy
D
Uranium
Correct Answer: C
Solar energy is continuously replenished by the sun.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q754.
What is the main component of the human skeleton?
A
Muscle tissue
B
Bone tissue
C
Blood cells
D
Nerve tissue
Correct Answer: B
Bones provide structure and support to the body.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q755.
Which of the following gases is most abundant in the Earth’s atmosphere?
A
Oxygen
B
Nitrogen
C
Carbon dioxide
D
Argon
Correct Answer: B
Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q756.
Which of these is an example of a chemical change?
A
Melting ice
B
Burning wood
C
Dissolving sugar in water
D
Freezing water
Correct Answer: B
Burning wood transforms it into ash, CO₂, and water vapor.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q757.
Which organ in the human body produces insulin?
A
Liver
B
Pancreas
C
Kidneys
D
Stomach
Correct Answer: B
The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood glucose.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q758.
What is the term for the change in direction of a wave when it passes from one medium to another?
A
Reflection
B
Refraction
C
Diffraction
D
Scattering
Correct Answer: B
Refraction bends the wave as it enters a different medium.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q759.
In biology, what is the study of the structure and function of plant tissues called?
A
Botany
B
Zoology
C
Anatomy
D
Physiology
Correct Answer: A
Botany focuses on plant life, including tissue structure.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q760.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a solid state?
A
Fixed shape and volume
B
Free shape, fixed volume
C
Fixed shape, variable volume
D
Variable shape and volume
Correct Answer: A
Solids maintain a definite shape and volume.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q761.
What is the main function of the leaves of a plant?
A
Reproduction
B
Storage of food
C
Gas exchange and photosynthesis
D
Transport of water
Correct Answer: C
Leaves contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis and stomata for gas exchange.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q762.
Which of the following best describes a balanced chemical equation?
A
Reactants and products have the same mass
B
Reactants and products have the same number of atoms of each element
C
The equation is written in words only
D
The equation contains only solids
Correct Answer: B
A balanced equation ensures atoms are conserved on both sides.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q763.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the human respiratory system?
A
Exchange of gases between blood and air
B
Production of digestive enzymes
C
Regulation of breathing rate
D
Filtering of air before it enters the lungs
Correct Answer: B
The respiratory system exchanges gases and regulates breathing; it does not produce digestive enzymes.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q764.
What is the main component of plant cell walls?
A
Cellulose
B
Chitin
C
Keratin
D
Collagen
Correct Answer: A
Cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q765.
Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?
A
Coal
B
Natural gas
C
Solar power
D
Oil
Correct Answer: C
Solar power comes from the sun and is renewable.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q766.
In the water cycle, water that evaporates from the ocean surface becomes part of which atmospheric component?
A
Precipitation
B
Clouds
C
Humidity
D
Condensation
Correct Answer: B
Evaporated water rises and condenses to form clouds.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q767.
Which organ in the human body is responsible for filtering blood?
A
Liver
B
Heart
C
Kidney
D
Lung
Correct Answer: C
Kidneys filter waste products from the blood.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q768.
What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons?
A
Ionic
B
Covalent
C
Metallic
D
Hydrogen
Correct Answer: B
Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons between atoms.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q769.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a solid state of matter?
A
It has a fixed shape and volume
B
It has a fixed volume but no fixed shape
C
It has no fixed shape or volume
D
It can only flow slowly
Correct Answer: A
Solids maintain both shape and volume.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q770.
In a plant, what is the main role of chlorophyll?
A
To transport water
B
To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
C
To store nutrients
D
To produce seeds
Correct Answer: B
Chlorophyll captures light energy for photosynthesis.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q771.
Which of the following is NOT a type of rock?
A
Igneous
B
Metamorphic
C
Sedimentary
D
Mineral
Correct Answer: D
Rocks are igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary; minerals are building blocks of rocks.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q772.
What is the function of the nervous system in humans?
A
To provide structural support
B
To circulate blood
C
To coordinate body activities
D
To digest food
Correct Answer: C
The nervous system coordinates and controls body functions.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q773.
Which gas is most abundant in the Earth's atmosphere?
A
Oxygen
B
Nitrogen
C
Carbon dioxide
D
Argon
Correct Answer: B
Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q774.
Which of the following is a non‑renewable resource?
A
Wind energy
B
Geothermal energy
C
Petroleum
D
Hydroelectric power
Correct Answer: C
Petroleum is finite and cannot be replenished quickly.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q775.
The process by which plants lose water through tiny pores in leaves is called:
A
Transpiration
B
Photosynthesis
C
Respiration
D
Germination
Correct Answer: A
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plant leaves.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q776.
What is the primary source of energy for the human body?
A
Proteins
B
Fats
C
Carbohydrates
D
Vitamins
Correct Answer: C
Carbohydrates are the main energy source for cells.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q777.
Which of the following is a type of animal cell organelle that produces energy?
A
Nucleus
B
Mitochondrion
C
Ribosome
D
Lysosome
Correct Answer: B
Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q778.
In Nigeria, which of the following is a major mineral resource?
A
Diamonds
B
Gold
C
Both A and B
D
None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Nigeria has significant deposits of both diamonds and gold.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q779.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a liquid?
A
Fixed shape
B
Fixed volume but no fixed shape
C
No fixed shape or volume
D
Cannot flow
Correct Answer: B
Liquids maintain a fixed volume but adapt to the shape of their container.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q780.
The process by which a liquid turns into a gas is called:
A
Condensation
B
Sublimation
C
Evaporation
D
Freezing
Correct Answer: C
Evaporation is the transition from liquid to gas.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q781.
Which of the following best describes the function of the skeletal system?
A
Produces hormones
B
Protects vital organs and provides support
C
Filters waste from blood
D
Controls body temperature
Correct Answer: B
The skeleton protects organs and provides structural support.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q782.
Which of the following is an example of a simple machine?
A
Lever
B
Computer
C
Engine
D
Telephone
Correct Answer: A
A lever is one of the six classical simple machines.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q783.
In the electromagnetic spectrum, which type of radiation has the highest frequency?
A
Radio waves
B
Infrared
C
Ultraviolet
D
Gamma rays
Correct Answer: D
Gamma rays have the highest frequency and energy in the spectrum.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q784.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a gas?
A
Fixed shape
B
Fixed volume
C
No fixed shape or volume
D
Solid at room temperature
Correct Answer: C
Gases have neither fixed shape nor volume.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q785.
The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose using sunlight is known as:
A
Respiration
B
Photosynthesis
C
Transpiration
D
Fermentation
Correct Answer: B
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen from CO₂ and water.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q786.
Which of the following is NOT a type of renewable energy?
A
Solar
B
Wind
C
Geothermal
D
Coal
Correct Answer: D
Coal is a fossil fuel and non‑renewable.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q787.
In the human body, which organ stores bile produced by the liver?
A
Stomach
B
Gallbladder
C
Pancreas
D
Small intestine
Correct Answer: B
The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q788.
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
A
To digest food
B
To provide structural support
C
To transport nutrients and waste
D
To produce hormones
Correct Answer: C
The circulatory system carries nutrients, gases, and waste materials.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q789.
Which of the following is a simple chemical change?
A
Burning wood
B
Rusting iron
C
Melting ice
D
Dissolving sugar in water
Correct Answer: C
Melting ice is a physical change; burning wood is a chemical change.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q790.
Which organ in the human body is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?
A
Kidney
B
Liver
C
Heart
D
Brain
Correct Answer: B
The liver stores glucose and releases it to maintain blood sugar levels.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q791.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a chemical reaction?
A
Change in state only
B
No energy change
C
Formation of new substances
D
Physical mixing only
Correct Answer: C
Chemical reactions produce new substances with different properties.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q792.
What is the main function of chlorophyll in a plant cell?
A
To absorb water from the soil
B
To provide structural support
C
To capture light energy for photosynthesis
D
To transport nutrients throughout the plant
Correct Answer: C
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose during photosynthesis.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q793.
Which of the following is NOT a stage of the life cycle of a butterfly?
A
Egg
B
Larva
C
Pupa
D
Nymph
Correct Answer: D
Butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis (egg, larva, pupa, adult). A nymph is a stage in incomplete metamorphosis, not in butterflies.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q794.
In the human body, what is the primary function of red blood cells?
A
To fight infections
B
To carry oxygen to tissues
C
To clot blood
D
To produce hormones
Correct Answer: B
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen and transports it from the lungs to tissues.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q795.
Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?
A
Coal
B
Natural gas
C
Solar energy
D
Oil
Correct Answer: C
Solar energy can be replenished continuously by the sun, whereas coal, gas, and oil are non-renewable.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q796.
What type of energy transformation occurs when a candle flame burns?
A
Chemical to electrical
B
Chemical to thermal and light
C
Thermal to chemical
D
Light to chemical
Correct Answer: B
The chemical energy stored in the wax is converted into thermal (heat) and light energy during combustion.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q797.
Which planet is known as the “Red Planet”?
A
Venus
B
Mars
C
Jupiter
D
Saturn
Correct Answer: B
Mars appears reddish due to iron oxide (rust) on its surface.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q798.
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the Earth’s atmosphere?
A
Troposphere
B
Stratosphere
C
Mesosphere
D
Lithosphere
Correct Answer: D
The lithosphere is the Earth's crust and upper mantle; it is not part of the atmosphere.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q799.
In the process of respiration, what gas is released by the plant?
A
Oxygen
B
Nitrogen
C
Carbon dioxide
D
Hydrogen
Correct Answer: C
Plants release carbon dioxide during cellular respiration, the reverse of photosynthesis.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q800.
Which of the following is an example of a simple machine?
A
Computer
B
Wheel and axle
C
Refrigerator
D
Telephone
Correct Answer: B
A wheel and axle reduces the effort needed to move heavy objects, a characteristic of simple machines.