Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q1.
What is the primary difference between digital and analogue technologies in the way they represent information?
A
Digital uses continuous signals, analogue uses discrete signals
B
Analogue uses continuous signals, digital uses discrete signals
C
Digital is only used for audio, analogue for video
D
Analogue requires computers, digital does not
Correct Answer: B
Analogue signals vary continuously, whereas digital signals are represented by discrete values (bits).
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q2.
Which of the following best describes the importance of digital technologies in modern society?
A
They replace all physical books with e‑books only
B
They enable instant communication, information access, and automation of tasks
C
They eliminate the need for any human workers
D
They are only used in large corporations
Correct Answer: B
Digital tech supports communication, data access, and automates many everyday processes.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q3.
The abacus, used for centuries, is an example of what type of computing device?
A
Digital computer
B
Analogue computer
C
Mechanical calculator
D
Electronic processor
Correct Answer: C
The abacus is a mechanical device that performs calculations by moving beads.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q4.
Which generation of computers introduced integrated circuits and allowed for more compact designs?
A
First generation
B
Second generation
C
Third generation
D
Fourth generation
Correct Answer: C
The third generation used integrated circuits, reducing size and increasing reliability.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q5.
In the evolution of digital technologies, what marked the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors?
A
The development of the abacus
B
The invention of the slide rule
C
The shift from the first to the second generation of computers
D
The creation of the World Wide Web
Correct Answer: C
The move from vacuum tubes to transistors happened during the second generation of computers.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q6.
Which of the following is NOT a hardware input device?
A
Keyboard
B
Monitor
C
Microphone
D
Mouse
Correct Answer: B
A monitor is an output device, not an input device.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q7.
Which software type provides the interface that manages computer resources and allows other applications to run?
A
Application software
B
System software
C
Device drivers only
D
Firmware only
Correct Answer: B
System software, such as an operating system, manages resources and provides a platform for applications.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q8.
Peopleware refers to:
A
The physical components of a computer
B
The software that controls hardware
C
The human element involved in using and maintaining computer systems
D
The network infrastructure connecting computers
Correct Answer: C
Peopleware focuses on the people who design, use, and support computer systems.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q9.
What does "booting" a computer mean?
A
Turning the power supply off
B
Starting the operating system and loading necessary drivers
C
Disconnecting all peripheral devices
D
Formatting the hard drive
Correct Answer: B
Booting initiates the operating system and loads drivers.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q10.
Which booting method requires the computer to be powered off before starting?
A
Cold booting
B
Warm booting
C
Soft booting
D
Fast booting
Correct Answer: A
Cold booting starts the system from a powered‑off state.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q11.
In a proper computer shutdown sequence, which step comes immediately after closing all running applications?
A
Powering off the monitor
B
Unplugging the power cable
C
Selecting "Shut down" from the operating system menu
D
Restarting the computer
Correct Answer: C
The OS must be instructed to shut down before power is removed.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q12.
Which of the following is a primary function of an operating system?
A
Creating word documents
B
Managing hardware resources and providing a user interface
C
Printing photographs
D
Running video games only
Correct Answer: B
The OS manages hardware and offers interfaces for users and applications.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q13.
What is the most common graphical interface used in Windows operating systems?
A
Command Prompt
B
Desktop environment
C
Terminal emulator
D
BIOS screen
Correct Answer: B
The desktop provides icons, windows, and menus for user interaction.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q14.
When organizing files, which action helps prevent confusion and easy retrieval?
A
Randomly naming files
B
Using a consistent naming convention and folder hierarchy
C
Storing all files on the desktop
D
Deleting unused files immediately
Correct Answer: B
Consistent naming and structured folders aid file management.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q15.
Which file operation allows you to create a duplicate of an existing file?
A
Delete
B
Move
C
Copy
D
Rename
Correct Answer: C
Copying duplicates the file while leaving the original intact.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q16.
In word processing, which formatting style makes text appear slanted to indicate emphasis?
A
Bold
B
Italic
C
Underline
D
Strikethrough
Correct Answer: B
Italic text is slanted and often used for emphasis or titles.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q17.
To insert a picture into a Word document, which menu option should you use?
A
Insert → Picture
B
Format → Text Highlight
C
Review → Comments
D
Layout → Page Break
Correct Answer: A
The Insert menu provides the Picture option for adding images.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q18.
Which of the following is a correct description of a header in a document?
A
A decorative border around the page
B
Text or graphics that appear at the top of every page
C
The main body of the text
D
The page number displayed at the bottom
Correct Answer: B
Headers contain content that repeats at the top of each page.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q19.
What is the main advantage of using tables in a word processor?
A
They allow you to create lists only
B
They enable structured arrangement of data in rows and columns
C
They automatically translate text into other languages
D
They replace the need for paragraphs
Correct Answer: B
Tables organize data in a grid format, facilitating comparison and readability.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q20.
Which of these statements best defines digital literacy?
A
The ability to write essays by hand
B
The skill of using digital tools effectively and responsibly
C
Memorizing computer hardware specifications
D
Reading printed newspapers only
Correct Answer: B
Digital literacy involves competent, ethical use of technology.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q21.
A simple presentation slide is best described as:
A
A page with a single image and no text
B
A visual unit containing text, images, and other media to convey a message
C
A spreadsheet with data points
D
A web page with hyperlinks
Correct Answer: B
Slides combine visual and textual elements to support a presentation.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q22.
Which feature in presentation software allows a slide to change automatically after a set time?
A
Slide transition
B
Animation
C
Hyperlink
D
Slide master
Correct Answer: A
Slide transitions control how one slide moves to the next, including timing.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q23.
In a spreadsheet, what is a cell?
A
The entire worksheet
B
A single intersection of a row and a column where data is entered
C
The topmost row of the sheet
D
The bottommost column of the sheet
Correct Answer: B
Cells are the basic units where values, formulas, and text reside.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q24.
Which basic formula calculates the sum of numbers in cells A1 through A10?
A
=SUM(A1:A10)
B
=ADD(A1:A10)
C
=TOTAL(A1:A10)
D
=SUM(A1, A10)
Correct Answer: A
The SUM function adds all values in the specified range.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q25.
To format a cell as currency, you should:
A
Change the font color to red
B
Apply the Currency number format from the toolbar
C
Increase the cell size
D
Insert a comment
Correct Answer: B
The Currency format displays numbers with a currency symbol and decimal places.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q26.
Which type of chart is best for showing parts of a whole, such as market share percentages?
A
Bar chart
B
Pie chart
C
Line chart
D
Scatter plot
Correct Answer: B
Pie charts represent parts of a whole as slices of a circle.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q27.
When preparing class results in a spreadsheet, which chart would best illustrate the distribution of grades?
A
Bar chart
B
Pie chart
C
Line chart
D
Area chart
Correct Answer: A
A bar chart displays discrete categories (grades) and their frequencies clearly.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q28.
What is the primary purpose of an internet browser?
A
To download files only
B
To display and navigate web pages using HTTP/HTTPS protocols
C
To manage email accounts exclusively
D
To edit spreadsheets
Correct Answer: B
Browsers retrieve and render web content for users.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q29.
Which search engine is most commonly used worldwide for web searches?
A
Bing
B
Yahoo!
C
Google
D
DuckDuckGo
Correct Answer: C
Google holds the largest market share in global search engine usage.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q30.
A reliable online source is typically identified by:
A
An unfamiliar domain name
B
Presence of contact information and recent publication dates
C
Excessive pop‑up ads
D
Random user comments only
Correct Answer: B
Credible sources provide contact details and up‑to‑date information.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q31.
Email is an example of which type of electronic communication?
A
Text messaging
B
Social media posting
C
Direct messaging between users over the internet
D
Physical mail delivery
Correct Answer: C
Email allows users to send messages electronically across networks.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q32.
Which social media platform is primarily used for sharing short text updates and photos?
A
LinkedIn
B
Instagram
C
Twitter
D
Reddit
Correct Answer: C
Twitter focuses on brief posts (tweets) and media sharing.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q33.
A strong password should contain:
A
Only letters in alphabetical order
B
A mix of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and special characters
C
The user's birthdate
D
The word "password"
Correct Answer: B
Complex passwords increase security by combining character types.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q34.
Cyberbullying can best be defined as:
A
Physical harassment at school
B
Harassing behavior using digital platforms that can spread quickly
C
Sending spam emails to friends
D
Using a computer to play games
Correct Answer: B
Cyberbullying involves harmful actions conducted through electronic means.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q35.
Malware is a type of software that:
A
Improves computer performance
B
Performs unwanted actions, often harmful, on a computer system
C
Provides antivirus protection
D
Generates backup copies of files
Correct Answer: B
Malware includes viruses, worms, and trojans that disrupt or damage systems.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q36.
Intellectual property refers to:
A
Physical property owned by the government
B
Legal rights granted to creators over their original works
C
Personal data stored on a computer
D
Hardware components of a PC
Correct Answer: B
Intellectual property protects creations such as texts, music, and software.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q37.
Which action is considered plagiarism?
A
Summarizing a source in your own words
B
Quoting a source with proper citation
C
Copying text from a website without attribution
D
Paraphrasing a paragraph with a citation
Correct Answer: C
Plagiarism involves using others’ work without credit.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q38.
When conducting online research for a school project, a student should:
A
Copy and paste entire web pages into the report
B
Use multiple reputable sources and cite them properly
C
Rely on a single blog post
D
Avoid using images from the internet
Correct Answer: B
Diversifying sources and citing them ensures credibility and academic integrity.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q39.
A software developer primarily works with:
A
Network cables
B
Programming languages and code
C
Physical servers only
D
Marketing strategies
Correct Answer: B
Software developers design, write, and test code.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q40.
A data analyst specializes in:
A
Building hardware components
B
Interpreting and visualising large sets of data
C
Designing user interfaces only
D
Teaching computer classes
Correct Answer: B
Data analysts transform data into insights through analysis and visualization.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q41.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to:
A
The physical internet cables only
B
Networked devices that communicate and share data autonomously
C
A new social media platform
D
A type of computer virus
Correct Answer: B
IoT connects everyday objects to the internet for data exchange.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q42.
Which of the following is an example of a LAN (Local Area Network)?
A
The global internet
B
A university campus network
C
A satellite communication system
D
A worldwide broadband service
Correct Answer: B
LANs cover a limited geographic area, such as a campus or building.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q43.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) is characterised by:
A
Small coverage area, high latency
B
Large geographic coverage, often connecting multiple LANs
C
Only wired connections
D
Exclusive use for email
Correct Answer: B
WANs span large distances and link multiple smaller networks.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q44.
In web browsing, the URL stands for:
A
Uniform Resource Locator
B
Universal Retrieval Link
C
User Retrieval List
D
Unidentified Resource Link
Correct Answer: A
A URL specifies the location of a resource on the internet.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q45.
Which feature of a browser allows you to view a web page as it appeared in the past?
A
Bookmark
B
History
C
Developer Tools → “Preserve log”
D
Incognito mode
Correct Answer: C
Developer Tools can capture and replay network requests to view past states.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q46.
The primary function of an email client is to:
A
Store files in the cloud
B
Send, receive, and manage electronic mail messages
C
Edit video footage
D
Browse the internet
Correct Answer: B
Email clients provide interfaces for composing, reading, and organising mail.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q47.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a well‑designed password policy?
A
Passwords must be reused across accounts
B
Passwords are never changed once set
C
Passwords should be at least eight characters long and include special symbols
D
Passwords should be simple for easy recall
Correct Answer: C
Strong policies require complexity and periodic changes for security.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q48.
Which type of malware disguises itself as legitimate software but performs harmful actions?
A
Adware
B
Trojan
C
Worm
D
Ransomware
Correct Answer: B
Trojans masquerade as benign programs while executing malicious code.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q49.
In digital ethics, responsible use of media includes:
A
Ignoring copyright laws
B
Using sources without permission
C
Giving credit to original creators and avoiding plagiarism
D
Posting all personal data online
Correct Answer: C
Ethical media use respects intellectual property and honesty.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q50.
What is the main difference between digital and analogue technologies?
A
Digital uses continuous signals
B
Analogue uses binary data
C
Digital stores information in bits
D
Analogue stores information in bits
Correct Answer: C
Digital technology represents data in binary form (0s and 1s), whereas analogue uses continuous signals.