Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q51.
Which of the following was an early computing device used before electronic computers?
A
Slide rule
B
Quantum computer
C
Smartphone
D
Cloud server
Correct Answer: A
The slide rule was an early mechanical device for calculations, predating electronic computers.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q52.
Which generation of computers first used integrated circuits?
A
First
B
Second
C
Third
D
Fourth
Correct Answer: C
The third generation introduced integrated circuits, replacing vacuum tubes.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q53.
In a computer system, which component is responsible for storing data permanently?
A
RAM
B
Hard drive
C
Keyboard
D
Monitor
Correct Answer: B
A hard drive (or SSD) provides non‑volatile storage for long‑term data.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q54.
Which type of software is used to manage hardware resources and provide common services for application software?
A
Application software
B
System software
C
Device drivers only
D
Firmware only
Correct Answer: B
System software, including the operating system, manages hardware and offers services.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q55.
What does the term "booting" refer to in a computer?
A
Shutting down the system
B
Starting up the system
C
Installing software
D
Formatting the hard drive
Correct Answer: B
Booting is the process of starting a computer and loading the operating system.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q56.
Which of the following is NOT a step in a proper computer shutdown?
A
Closing all applications
B
Turning off the monitor only
C
Logging out of user accounts
D
Clicking the shutdown button
Correct Answer: B
Proper shutdown requires closing applications, logging out, and selecting shutdown, not just turning off the monitor.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q57.
What is the primary role of an operating system’s desktop environment?
A
To manage network traffic
B
To provide a graphical interface for users
C
To compile programs
D
To encrypt files
Correct Answer: B
The desktop environment gives users a graphical interface to interact with the OS.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q58.
In file management, which action would you use to change the name of a file?
A
Delete
B
Copy
C
Rename
D
Move
Correct Answer: C
Renaming changes the file’s name while keeping it in the same location.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q59.
Which file type is commonly used for a text document created in Word?
A
.jpg
B
.pdf
C
.docx
D
.xlsx
Correct Answer: C
.docx is the standard file extension for Microsoft Word documents.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q60.
How do you apply bold formatting to selected text in a word processor?
A
Press Ctrl+U
B
Press Ctrl+I
C
Press Ctrl+B
D
Press Ctrl+S
Correct Answer: C
Ctrl+B toggles bold formatting in most word processors.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q61.
Which feature allows you to insert a picture into a Word document?
A
Insert > Picture
B
Home > Bold
C
View > Zoom
D
File > Save As
Correct Answer: A
The Insert menu provides the option to add pictures.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q62.
What is the purpose of a header in a Word document?
A
To add a footer at the bottom
B
To insert a table
C
To display information on each page’s top
D
To change the page orientation
Correct Answer: C
Headers appear at the top of every page, often containing titles or page numbers.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q63.
Which of the following best describes digital literacy?
A
Ability to write essays
B
Ability to use digital tools effectively
C
Ability to drive a car
D
Ability to cook meals
Correct Answer: B
Digital literacy is the skill to use digital devices, communication tools, and content effectively.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q64.
In presentation software, a slide is best described as:
A
A page in a document
B
A single screen in a slideshow
C
A paragraph of text
D
A type of font
Correct Answer: B
A slide is one screen that appears during a slideshow presentation.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q65.
Which action adds a new slide to a presentation?
A
File > New
B
Insert > Slide
C
View > Slide Show
D
Edit > Undo
Correct Answer: B
The Insert menu lets you add new slides to a presentation.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q66.
What does a slide transition do?
A
Changes the font style
B
Animates the slide’s entry or exit
C
Saves the presentation
D
Prints the slide
Correct Answer: B
Transitions control how one slide moves to the next, creating visual effects.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q67.
In a spreadsheet, a cell is identified by:
A
Its color
B
Its row number only
C
Its column letter only
D
Its column letter and row number
Correct Answer: D
Cells are referenced by a combination of column letter and row number (e.g., B3).
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q68.
Which of the following is a basic arithmetic formula you can use in a spreadsheet?
A
=SUM(A1:A10)
B
=TEXT(A1)
C
=DATE(2023,1,1)
D
=PI()
Correct Answer: A
SUM adds up values in a range; the other functions perform different tasks.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q69.
How do you format a cell to display numbers with two decimal places?
A
Format > Number > 0 decimal places
B
Format > Number > 2 decimal places
C
Format > Text > 2 decimal places
D
Format > Currency > 3 decimal places
Correct Answer: B
Selecting two decimal places formats the cell to show numbers with two digits after the decimal point.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q70.
Which chart type is best for showing parts of a whole?
A
Bar chart
B
Line chart
C
Pie chart
D
Scatter plot
Correct Answer: C
A pie chart represents portions of a whole with slices.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q71.
What is the primary use of a search engine when browsing the internet?
A
To download files
B
To find information on the web
C
To edit documents
D
To play games
Correct Answer: B
Search engines index web pages and help users locate information quickly.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q72.
Which device is essential for sending and receiving electronic mail?
A
Printer
B
Scanner
C
Email client
D
Modem only
Correct Answer: C
An email client (software) is used to send and receive emails.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q73.
Which of the following is a common example of an online collaboration tool?
A
Facebook
B
Google Drive
C
YouTube
D
Instagram
Correct Answer: B
Google Drive allows multiple users to edit documents online together.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q74.
What is a password in the context of digital safety?
A
A type of virus
B
A secret code to access accounts
C
A hardware component
D
An email address
Correct Answer: B
A password is a secret combination of characters that authenticates a user.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q75.
Cyberbullying refers to:
A
Physical harassment in schools
B
Harassing someone using electronic communication
C
Using a computer to play games
D
Installing malware on a device
Correct Answer: B
Cyberbullying is harassment conducted via digital platforms.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q76.
Which software is designed to protect a computer from malware?
A
Word processor
B
Antivirus
C
Spreadsheet
D
Browser
Correct Answer: B
Antivirus software scans for and removes malicious software.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q77.
Intellectual property includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A
Copyrights
B
Patents
C
Trade secrets
D
User passwords
Correct Answer: D
User passwords are personal security credentials, not intellectual property.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q78.
Plagiarism is best described as:
A
Copying someone’s work without permission
B
Writing original content
C
Using software to edit photos
D
Creating a presentation
Correct Answer: A
Plagiarism involves presenting others’ work as one’s own without credit.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q79.
Which of the following is NOT a typical ICT career mentioned in the syllabus?
A
Software developer
B
Data analyst
C
Network engineer
D
Chef
Correct Answer: D
A chef is not an ICT profession.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q80.
Artificial Intelligence primarily involves:
A
Building hardware only
B
Creating systems that can perform tasks that normally require human intelligence
C
Painting pictures
D
Cooking food
Correct Answer: B
AI systems simulate human intelligence to perform tasks like learning and decision making.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q81.
The Internet of Things refers to:
A
A new social media platform
B
Devices connected to the internet that can communicate with each other
C
A type of computer virus
D
A programming language
Correct Answer: B
IoT connects everyday devices to the internet for data sharing and automation.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q82.
Which of the following is a type of network that covers a small geographic area, such as a school?
Correct Answer: C
A LAN (Local Area Network) serves a small area like a building or campus.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q83.
A WAN is designed to connect:
A
Devices within a single room
B
Devices across multiple cities or countries
C
Only wireless devices
D
Only wired devices
Correct Answer: B
WAN (Wide Area Network) spans large geographic distances.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q84.
Which of the following best describes a MAN?
A
A network that covers a metropolitan area
B
A network that covers a single building
C
A network that covers the entire world
D
A network that covers a single device
Correct Answer: A
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) connects multiple LANs within a city.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q85.
Which of the following is a common function of a web browser?
A
Sending emails
B
Rendering web pages
C
Editing spreadsheets
D
Running antivirus scans
Correct Answer: B
Browsers interpret HTML/CSS to display web pages to users.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q86.
What is the primary purpose of using a search engine on the internet?
A
To edit documents
B
To find information quickly
C
To play games
D
To print documents
Correct Answer: B
Search engines index the web and retrieve relevant information based on queries.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q87.
Which of the following is an example of a social media platform used for digital communication?
A
Excel
B
PowerPoint
C
Twitter
D
Notepad
Correct Answer: C
Twitter is a social media platform for sharing short messages online.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q88.
A firewall is used to:
A
Increase internet speed
B
Protect a network from unauthorized access
C
Store data permanently
D
Print documents
Correct Answer: B
A firewall monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic for security.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q89.
Which of the following is a key feature of a spreadsheet that allows quick calculation of data?
A
Text boxes
B
Formulas
C
Images
D
Hyperlinks
Correct Answer: B
Formulas perform calculations automatically on spreadsheet data.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q90.
In a word processor, which option would you use to align text to the right margin?
A
Align left
B
Center align
C
Justify
D
Align right
Correct Answer: D
Align right moves text to the right margin.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q91.
When creating a presentation, which feature adds a visual effect between slides?
A
Animation
B
Transition
C
Hyperlink
D
Slide master
Correct Answer: B
Transitions animate the movement from one slide to the next.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q92.
Which of the following is a common file extension for a spreadsheet created in Microsoft Excel?
A
.docx
B
.pptx
C
.xlsx
D
.jpg
Correct Answer: C
.xlsx is the standard file format for Excel spreadsheets.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q93.
What is the main purpose of a digital safety password?
A
To identify the device manufacturer
B
To unlock a computer or online account
C
To store photos
D
To print documents
Correct Answer: B
Passwords authenticate users and protect access to devices and accounts.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q94.
Which of these is a basic function of an operating system?
A
Playing music
B
Managing hardware resources
C
Drawing graphics
D
Sending emails
Correct Answer: B
Operating systems allocate and manage hardware resources for applications.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q95.
Which type of computer uses vacuum tubes for processing?
A
First generation
B
Second generation
C
Third generation
D
Fourth generation
Correct Answer: A
First‑generation computers used vacuum tubes before transistors were developed.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q96.
In file management, the action of moving a file from one folder to another is called:
A
Copying
B
Moving
C
Deleting
D
Renaming
Correct Answer: B
Moving transfers the file to a new location without duplication.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q97.
Which of the following best describes the role of firmware in a computer?
A
Software that runs on top of the operating system
B
Permanent software stored in hardware that controls device functions
C
A type of word processor
D
A spreadsheet program
Correct Answer: B
Firmware is low‑level software embedded in hardware components.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q98.
What is the purpose of a header in a document?
A
To display a footer
B
To show page numbers at the bottom
C
To present information at the top of each page
D
To change the font style
Correct Answer: C
Headers appear at the top of each page and often contain titles or dates.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q99.
Which of the following is NOT a type of computer input device?
A
Keyboard
B
Monitor
C
Mouse
D
Scanner
Correct Answer: B
A monitor is an output device, not an input device.
Junior Certificate Examination
Digital Technologies
Q100.
What does the term "cold boot" refer to?
A
Restarting a system without turning it off
B
Starting a computer after it has been powered off
C
Turning off the computer only
D
Shutting down the system
Correct Answer: B
A cold boot starts the computer from a powered‑off state.