Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1651.
Which of the following is a natural fertilizer made from animal waste?
A
Lime
B
Compost
C
Manure
D
Gypsum
Correct Answer: C
Manure is animal dung used as a natural fertilizer for soil.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1652.
What does "pesticide" mean?
A
A fertilizer for plants
B
A chemical used to kill pests
C
A type of seed
D
A tool for harvesting
Correct Answer: B
Pesticides are chemicals that control or eliminate pests harming crops.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1653.
Which of these is a common method of seed planting?
A
Planting seeds in a straight line
B
Throwing seeds on the ground randomly
C
Planting seeds in the water only
D
Planting seeds in the sky
Correct Answer: A
Seeds are usually planted in straight rows to ensure uniform growth.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1654.
Which of the following is a major crop grown in many African countries?
A
Wheat
B
Rice
C
Maize
D
Barley
Correct Answer: C
Maize (corn) is a staple crop widely cultivated across Africa.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1655.
Which of the following is a major crop grown in many parts of Nigeria?
A
Wheat
B
Rice
C
Maize
D
Barley
Correct Answer: C
Maize is one of the most widely grown staple crops in Nigeria.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1656.
What is the primary function of irrigation in farming?
A
To reduce soil fertility
B
To increase plant growth by providing water
C
To remove pests from crops
D
To lower crop prices
Correct Answer: B
Irrigation supplies water to crops, promoting better growth and yield.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1657.
Which type of soil is most suitable for growing tomatoes?
A
Sandy loam
B
Clay
C
Peat
D
Chalk
Correct Answer: A
Sandy loam has good drainage and nutrient content ideal for tomato cultivation.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1658.
What is the main purpose of using compost in gardens?
A
To increase soil acidity
B
To provide nutrients and improve soil structure
C
To repel insects
D
To harden the soil
Correct Answer: B
Compost enriches soil with nutrients and improves its texture.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1659.
Which of the following is a benefit of crop rotation?
A
Increases soil erosion
B
Reduces soil fertility
C
Helps control pests and diseases
D
Decreases soil moisture
Correct Answer: C
Crop rotation disrupts pest life cycles and improves soil health.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1660.
What is the main use of the plant plantain in agriculture?
A
As a cash crop for export
B
For making paper pulp
C
As a food crop for local consumption
D
For ornamental purposes
Correct Answer: C
Plantain is a staple food crop in many parts of Africa.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1661.
Which of the following is an example of a leguminous crop?
A
Sugarcane
B
Soybean
C
Wheat
D
Corn
Correct Answer: B
Soybean is a legume that fixes nitrogen in the soil.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1662.
What is the main advantage of using drip irrigation?
A
It waters the entire field at once
B
It uses a lot of water
C
It delivers water directly to the root zone, reducing waste
D
It is very expensive to install
Correct Answer: C
Drip irrigation supplies water precisely where plants need it, conserving water.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1663.
Which of these animals is commonly raised for meat in JSS 1 agricultural studies?
Correct Answer: A
Cattle are a primary source of meat in many rural areas.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1664.
What is the main component of animal feed for poultry?
A
Wood chips
B
Corn
C
Gravel
D
Sand
Correct Answer: B
Corn is a staple ingredient in poultry diets.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1665.
Which of the following is a pest that commonly attacks maize?
A
Aphids
B
Locusts
C
Butterflies
D
Bees
Correct Answer: B
Locusts are known to cause severe damage to maize crops.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1666.
What does the term "soil pH" refer to?
A
The amount of water in soil
B
The acidity or alkalinity of soil
C
The texture of soil
D
The temperature of soil
Correct Answer: B
Soil pH measures how acidic or alkaline the soil is.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1667.
Which of these is a benefit of using organic manure in farming?
A
It increases soil salinity
B
It reduces soil fertility
C
It improves soil structure and provides nutrients
D
It attracts pests
Correct Answer: C
Organic manure enriches soil and improves its physical properties.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1668.
Which of the following is a common greenhouse gas emitted by livestock?
A
Oxygen
B
Nitrous oxide
C
Helium
D
Argon
Correct Answer: B
Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas released from animal manure.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1669.
What is the main purpose of using a seedbed?
A
To store seeds
B
To provide a suitable environment for seed germination
C
To keep seeds dry
D
To protect seeds from animals
Correct Answer: B
A seedbed offers a moist, warm, and well-drained environment for seeds to sprout.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1670.
Which of the following is a water source used for irrigation in many rural areas?
A
Lake
B
Ocean
C
Desert sand
D
Asphalt road
Correct Answer: A
Lakes are common water sources for irrigation in rural settings.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1671.
What is the role of a mulch layer in a garden?
A
To increase soil temperature
B
To reduce evaporation and weed growth
C
To make the soil more acidic
D
To attract pests
Correct Answer: B
Mulch conserves moisture and suppresses weeds.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1672.
Which of the following is a major disease affecting cassava?
A
Bacterial wilt
B
Mungbean yellow dwarf
C
Cassava mosaic disease
D
Tomato blight
Correct Answer: C
Cassava mosaic disease is a common viral disease affecting cassava crops.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1673.
What does the term "photosynthesis" refer to?
A
Plant respiration
B
Plant growth in darkness
C
Conversion of light energy into chemical energy
D
Plant seed formation
Correct Answer: C
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1674.
Which of these is a common tool used to measure soil moisture?
A
Thermometer
B
Hygrometer
C
Moisture meter
D
Barometer
Correct Answer: C
A moisture meter measures the water content of soil.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1675.
What is the main benefit of using a scarecrow in a field?
A
It increases crop yield
B
It attracts beneficial insects
C
It deters birds from eating crops
D
It provides shade for plants
Correct Answer: C
Scarecrows are used to frighten birds that might eat the crops.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1676.
Which of the following is a type of animal that is commonly farmed for milk?
A
Goat
B
Dog
C
Cat
D
Chicken
Correct Answer: A
Goats are raised for their milk in many rural communities.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1677.
What is a common method of pest control that uses natural predators?
A
Chemical spraying
B
Biological control
C
Crop burning
D
Overwatering
Correct Answer: B
Biological control employs natural enemies to manage pest populations.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1678.
Which of the following is a nutrient that is essential for plant growth?
A
Sodium
B
Calcium
C
Lead
D
Mercury
Correct Answer: B
Calcium is an essential macro‑nutrient for plants.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1679.
What is the main purpose of a greenhouse?
A
To keep crops cold
B
To protect crops from pests and provide a controlled environment
C
To store harvested crops
D
To grow fish
Correct Answer: B
Greenhouses create a protected, controlled environment for crop production.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1680.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a loamy soil?
A
Very sandy
B
Very clayey
C
Balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay
D
Extremely acidic
Correct Answer: C
Loam has a balanced texture, ideal for most crops.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1681.
What is the main function of a farm tractor?
A
To water crops
B
To harvest crops and perform heavy tasks on the farm
C
To feed animals
D
To store fertilizer
Correct Answer: B
Tractors are versatile machines used for plowing, sowing, and harvesting.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1682.
Which of these is a benefit of using a drip irrigation system?
A
It wastes a lot of water
B
It reduces water usage by delivering water directly to plant roots
C
It requires a large amount of labor to maintain
D
It is only used for ornamental plants
Correct Answer: B
Drip irrigation conserves water by targeting the root zone.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1683.
Which of the following is NOT a primary nutrient required by plants?
A
Nitrogen
B
Phosphorus
C
Oxygen
D
Potassium
Correct Answer: C
Oxygen is not a primary macronutrient for plants; it is required in smaller amounts and is not classified as a nutrient.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1684.
What is the main function of a green manure crop?
A
To produce food for the farm
B
To fix nitrogen in the soil
C
To increase soil temperature
D
To provide shade for livestock
Correct Answer: B
Green manure crops are grown primarily to fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil, improving soil fertility.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1685.
Which irrigation method is most water‑efficient for small farms?
A
Flood irrigation
B
Drip irrigation
C
Sprinkler irrigation
D
Surface irrigation
Correct Answer: B
Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone, reducing evaporation and runoff.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1686.
Which of the following is a characteristic of loamy soil?
A
Very high sand content
B
Poor water retention
C
Balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay
D
High acidity only
Correct Answer: C
Loamy soil has an optimal balance of sand, silt, and clay, providing good drainage and fertility.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1687.
The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy is called:
A
Respiration
B
Fermentation
C
Photosynthesis
D
Transpiration
Correct Answer: C
Photosynthesis is the process where plants use sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1688.
Which of the following is a common fungal disease of maize that causes leaf blight?
A
Late blight
B
Fusarium wilt
C
Northern corn leaf blight
D
Root rot
Correct Answer: C
Northern corn leaf blight is a fungal disease that affects maize leaves, causing lesions and reducing yield.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1689.
In livestock nutrition, which nutrient is most responsible for growth and repair of body tissues?
A
Carbohydrate
B
Protein
C
Fat
D
Water
Correct Answer: B
Protein provides amino acids necessary for growth, repair, and maintenance of animal tissues.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1690.
Which tool is used to measure soil pH?
A
Thermometer
B
Hydrometer
C
pH meter
D
Hygrometer
Correct Answer: C
A pH meter or pH indicator paper is used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of soil.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1691.
What is the primary purpose of crop rotation?
A
To increase pesticide usage
B
To reduce soil erosion only
C
To improve soil structure and reduce pest buildup
D
To plant the same crop each year
Correct Answer: C
Crop rotation breaks pest cycles, improves soil fertility, and helps manage soil structure.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1692.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a drought‑tolerant crop?
A
Requires high irrigation
B
Has deep root systems
C
Needs constant moisture
D
Grows only in tropical climates
Correct Answer: B
Drought‑tolerant crops typically have deep roots that access water from deeper soil layers.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1693.
The practice of using livestock manure as fertilizer is called:
A
Composting
B
Mulching
C
Manure application
D
Bio‑fertilization
Correct Answer: C
Applying livestock manure directly to fields enriches soil with nutrients and organic matter.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1694.
Which of the following is a major greenhouse gas emitted by rice paddies?
A
Oxygen
B
Carbon dioxide
C
Methane
D
Nitrous oxide
Correct Answer: C
Flooded rice fields produce methane through anaerobic decomposition of organic matter.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1695.
Which of these is NOT a benefit of using mulch around crops?
A
Suppresses weeds
B
Conserves soil moisture
C
Increases soil temperature drastically
D
Improves soil structure
Correct Answer: C
Mulch generally moderates soil temperature rather than increasing it drastically.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1696.
In the context of animal husbandry, what does the term "breeding soundness" refer to?
A
The weight of the animal
B
The animal’s health and reproductive capability
C
The color of the animal
D
The age of the animal
Correct Answer: B
Breeding soundness evaluates an animal’s overall health and its ability to reproduce successfully.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1697.
Which of the following is an example of a non‑chemical pest control method?
A
Insecticide application
B
Biological control using predators
C
Fumigation
D
Chemical sprays
Correct Answer: B
Biological control uses natural enemies of pests to manage pest populations without chemicals.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1698.
What does the term "yield potential" refer to in crop production?
A
The maximum possible production under ideal conditions
B
The average yield of a region
C
The yield after pest damage
D
The yield during a drought
Correct Answer: A
Yield potential is the theoretical maximum output a crop can achieve when all conditions are optimal.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1699.
Which of the following is a key factor influencing seed germination?
A
Soil pH only
B
Water, temperature, and oxygen
C
Sunlight only
D
Seed size only
Correct Answer: B
Successful germination requires adequate water, suitable temperature, and oxygen for metabolic processes.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1700.
Which of these is a major advantage of using drip irrigation over sprinkler irrigation?
A
Requires more labor
B
Delivers water over a larger area
C
Reduces water loss due to evaporation
D
Is only suitable for large farms
Correct Answer: C
Drip irrigation supplies water directly to the root zone, minimizing evaporation compared to sprinklers.