Q1064.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a living organism?
AGrowth
BReproduction
CRespiration
DInertia
Correct Answer: D
Inertia is a physical property of matter, not a biological characteristic.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1065.What is the main function of the human skeletal system?
ATo produce blood cells
BTo store energy
CTo provide support and protection
DTo digest food
Correct Answer: C
Bones support the body, protect organs, and provide attachment for muscles; blood cell production occurs in bone marrow, but the main function is structural.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1066.Which of the following best defines a habitat?
AThe food chain in an ecosystem
BThe community of organisms in a region
CThe physical environment where an organism lives
DThe process of adaptation
Correct Answer: C
Habitat refers to the physical surroundings where an organism lives, not the community or food chain.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1067.The unit of measurement for electric current is the?
AVolt
BOhm
CAmpere
DWatt
Correct Answer: C
Current is measured in amperes; voltage in volts, resistance in ohms, power in watts.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1068.Which part of the plant is responsible for absorbing water and minerals from the soil?
AStem
BLeaf
CRoot
DFlower
Correct Answer: C
Roots absorb water and minerals; stems transport them, leaves perform photosynthesis, flowers reproduce.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1069.The process by which a liquid changes into a gas is called?
ACondensation
BEvaporation
CSublimation
DPrecipitation
Correct Answer: B
Evaporation is liquid to gas; condensation is gas to liquid; sublimation is solid to gas; precipitation is liquid to solid.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1070.Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?
ATo regulate body temperature
BTo produce insulin
CTo break down food into nutrients
DTo circulate blood
Correct Answer: C
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients; insulin is produced by the pancreas, not directly by the digestive tract.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1071.Which gas is primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect in Earth's atmosphere?
AOxygen
BNitrogen
CCarbon dioxide
DHelium
Correct Answer: C
CO₂ traps heat; oxygen and nitrogen are major atmospheric gases but not greenhouse gases; helium is inert.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1072.What is the primary purpose of the human immune system?
ATo generate energy
BTo defend against pathogens
CTo transport oxygen
DTo absorb nutrients
Correct Answer: B
The immune system protects the body from infections; it does not generate energy, transport oxygen, or absorb nutrients.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1073.In a balanced chemical equation, the number of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides. This principle is known as?
AConservation of mass
BLaw of thermodynamics
CPrinciple of inertia
DLaw of reflection
Correct Answer: A
Conservation of mass states mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1074.Which of the following best describes an ecosystem?
AA group of similar organisms living together
BA community of organisms and their physical environment
CA single species in a habitat
DA set of chemical reactions in a cell
Correct Answer: B
An ecosystem includes living organisms and their non-living surroundings.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1075.The part of the human brain that controls breathing and heart rate is the?
ACerebrum
BCerebellum
CMedulla oblongata
DHippocampus
Correct Answer: C
The medulla oblongata regulates vital functions like breathing and heart rate.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1076.Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?
APetroleum
BNatural gas
CHydroelectric power
DUranium
Correct Answer: C
Hydroelectric power uses flowing water, which is renewable; petroleum, natural gas, and uranium are non-renewable.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1077.The process by which soil organisms break down organic matter into simpler substances is called?
ARespiration
BDecomposition
CPhotosynthesis
DTranspiration
Correct Answer: B
Decomposition by microbes and organisms breaks down dead material into nutrients.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1078.Which of the following is NOT a component of the human circulatory system?
AHeart
BBlood vessels
CLungs
DBlood
Correct Answer: C
Lungs are part of the respiratory system, not the circulatory system.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1079.The measure of how much matter is in an object is known as its?
ADensity
BMass
CWeight
DVolume
Correct Answer: B
Mass is the amount of matter; density is mass per unit volume; weight is force due to gravity; volume is space occupied.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1080.Which of the following is a characteristic of a chemical change?
AChange in shape only
BChange in color only
CChange in composition
DNo change in appearance
Correct Answer: C
A chemical change alters the composition of substances; physical changes may alter appearance but not composition.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1081.What type of bond forms between two nonmetal atoms sharing electrons?
AIonic bond
BCovalent bond
CMetallic bond
DHydrogen bond
Correct Answer: B
Covalent bonds involve shared electrons between nonmetals; ionic bonds involve electron transfer.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1082.Which of the following is a primary source of nitrogen for plants?
AAtmospheric nitrogen gas (N₂)
BSoil nitrate (NO₃⁻)
CPhosphates
DPotassium
Correct Answer: B
Plants absorb nitrogen mainly as nitrate (NO₃⁻) from soil; atmospheric N₂ is not directly usable without fixation.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1083.In the context of human health, what does the term 'herd immunity' refer to?
AImmunity that develops after traveling
BImmunity achieved through vaccination of a large portion of the population
CImmunity that protects only animals
DImmunity that is inherited genetically
Correct Answer: B
Herd immunity occurs when a large proportion of a population is immune, reducing disease spread.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1084.Which of the following best explains the function of the small intestine?
ATo filter waste from blood
BTo store food temporarily
CTo absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
DTo produce digestive enzymes
Correct Answer: C
The small intestine is the main site of nutrient absorption; the stomach stores food and the pancreas produces enzymes.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1085.Which of the following is an example of an exothermic reaction?