Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1201.
Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source?
A
Coal
B
Natural gas
C
Solar power
D
Oil
Correct Answer: C
Solar energy comes from the sun and is renewable.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1202.
What safety gear is essential when using a drill?
A
Safety glasses
B
Hearing protection
C
Both A and B
D
No gear needed
Correct Answer: C
Protecting eyes and ears prevents injury during drilling.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1203.
The process of converting raw material into a finished product is called:
A
Recycling
B
Manufacturing
C
Transportation
D
Distribution
Correct Answer: B
Manufacturing transforms raw materials into usable goods.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1204.
Which tool would you use to measure the length of a piece of wood?
A
Ruler
B
Hammer
C
Screwdriver
D
Saw
Correct Answer: A
A ruler provides accurate length measurements.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1205.
In a simple electrical circuit, a switch that is closed allows current to flow. What is the switch called when it is open?
A
Closed switch
B
Open switch
C
Breaker
D
Fuse
Correct Answer: B
An open switch interrupts the circuit, stopping current flow.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1206.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a good design?
A
Complexity
B
Aesthetics only
C
Functionality and safety
D
Expensive materials
Correct Answer: C
Good design balances function, safety, and often aesthetics.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1207.
What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?
A
To increase voltage
B
To limit current and protect against overload
C
To store energy
D
To convert AC to DC
Correct Answer: B
Fuses melt when current exceeds safe limits, breaking the circuit.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1208.
Which material is best for insulating electrical wires?
A
Copper
B
Rubber
C
Steel
D
Aluminum
Correct Answer: B
Rubber is non-conductive and resists electrical flow.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1209.
In the Nigerian Basic Technology curriculum, students learn to design:
A
Only mechanical devices
B
Only electrical devices
C
Both mechanical and electrical devices
D
None of the above
Correct Answer: C
The curriculum covers both mechanical and electrical aspects.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1210.
What is the function of a transformer in an electrical system?
A
To store energy
B
To convert voltage levels
C
To conduct current
D
To measure resistance
Correct Answer: B
Transformers step voltage up or down for efficient power distribution.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1211.
Which of these is a non-renewable resource?
A
Wind
B
Biomass
C
Fossil fuel
D
Geothermal
Correct Answer: C
Fossil fuels are finite and deplete over time.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1212.
In a basic technology workshop, the first step before cutting a piece of wood is to:
A
Paint it
B
Mark the cutting line
C
Glue it
D
Drill holes
Correct Answer: B
Marking ensures accurate cuts and reduces waste.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1213.
Which type of joint is commonly used to connect two metal rods?
A
Butt joint
B
Lap joint
C
Fillet weld
D
Dovetail joint
Correct Answer: C
Fillet welds create a strong, continuous bond between metal parts.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1214.
The process of removing unwanted material from a workpiece is called:
A
Cutting
B
Drilling
C
Grinding
D
Polishing
Correct Answer: C
Grinding removes material to achieve desired shape or surface finish.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1215.
Which tool is used to measure electrical voltage?
A
Multimeter
B
Caliper
C
Square
D
Protractor
Correct Answer: A
A multimeter can measure voltage, current, and resistance.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1216.
What is the main advantage of using composite materials in product design?
A
They are cheap to produce
B
They are heavier than metals
C
They combine strength and lightness
D
They are difficult to shape
Correct Answer: C
Composites offer high strength-to-weight ratios.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1217.
In a basic circuit, a resistor is used primarily to:
A
Increase current
B
Decrease voltage
C
Control current flow
D
Store energy
Correct Answer: C
Resistors limit the amount of current that can pass through.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1218.
Which of the following is NOT a type of mechanical advantage?
A
Lever
B
Pulley
C
Gear
D
Battery
Correct Answer: D
A battery provides energy, not mechanical advantage.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1219.
The term 'ergonomics' in technology refers to:
A
The study of machines
B
The design of comfortable and efficient work environments
C
The manufacturing process of gadgets
D
The cost analysis of products
Correct Answer: B
Ergonomics focuses on user comfort and safety in design.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1220.
What is the purpose of a circuit breaker in a home electrical system?
A
To increase power supply
B
To protect against overcurrent by automatically switching off
C
To convert AC to DC
D
To measure voltage
Correct Answer: B
Circuit breakers interrupt the flow when current exceeds safe limits.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1221.
Which of the following is a non-metallic material commonly used in the manufacture of electrical wires?
A
Aluminium
B
Copper
C
Polyethylene
D
Steel
Correct Answer: C
Polyethylene is an insulating non-metallic material used to coat electrical wires.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1222.
What is the main purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?
A
To increase voltage
B
To limit current flow
C
To store energy
D
To convert AC to DC
Correct Answer: B
A fuse protects the circuit by breaking the connection when current exceeds its rating.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1223.
Which simple machine is used to lift heavy objects by pulling a rope over a pulley?
A
Lever
B
Inclined plane
C
Pulley
D
Wedge
Correct Answer: C
A pulley changes the direction of the force, making lifting easier.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1224.
Which tool is best suited for measuring the diameter of a small screw?
A
Caliper
B
Ruler
C
Hammer
D
Screwdriver
Correct Answer: A
A caliper provides precise measurement of small dimensions like screw diameter.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1225.
In the Nigerian curriculum, the term "sustainable development" primarily refers to:
A
Using resources without limit
B
Balancing economic growth with environmental protection
C
Ignoring environmental impacts for faster production
D
Importing all resources
Correct Answer: B
Sustainable development seeks to meet present needs without compromising future generations.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1226.
Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source?
A
Coal
B
Natural gas
C
Solar power
D
Oil
Correct Answer: C
Solar power is renewable because it is generated from sunlight, which is abundant.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1227.
The process of removing impurities from metal to make it suitable for use is called:
A
Casting
B
Smelting
C
Refining
D
Forging
Correct Answer: C
Refining purifies metal by eliminating unwanted elements.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1228.
Which safety gear should a student wear when operating a drill?
A
Safety goggles
B
Earplugs
C
Work gloves
D
All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Goggles protect eyes, earplugs reduce noise, and gloves protect hands.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1229.
What is the primary function of a gear in a mechanical system?
A
To store energy
B
To change speed and torque
C
To convert electricity to motion
D
To insulate heat
Correct Answer: B
Gears transfer motion, altering speed and torque between shafts.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1230.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a composite material?
A
Made from a single element
B
Consists of two or more distinct materials
C
Cannot be melted
D
Always metal
Correct Answer: B
Composite materials combine two or more components to achieve desired properties.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1231.
In the context of basic technology, "manufacturing" refers to:
A
The design of a product only
B
The entire process from raw material to finished product
C
Only the packaging of a product
D
The marketing of a product
Correct Answer: B
Manufacturing covers all stages from raw material processing to final product.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1232.
Which type of machine tool is used to cut metal by rotating a cutting tool?
A
Lathe
B
Milling machine
C
Drilling machine
D
CNC router
Correct Answer: B
A milling machine uses a rotating cutter to remove material from a workpiece.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1233.
The term "thermal conductivity" describes a material's ability to:
A
Conduct electricity
B
Conduct heat
C
Conduct sound
D
Conduct light
Correct Answer: B
Thermal conductivity measures how well a material transfers heat.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1234.
Which of the following is an example of a biodegradable plastic?
A
Polyethylene
B
Polystyrene
C
PLA (Polylactic acid)
D
PVC
Correct Answer: C
PLA is derived from renewable resources and can decompose naturally.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1235.
When using a soldering iron, the primary safety concern is:
A
The heat causing burns
B
The noise produced
C
The metal shavings becoming airborne
D
The iron melting
Correct Answer: A
The high temperature can cause burns if proper precautions are not taken.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1236.
The "safety factor" in engineering design is defined as:
A
The ratio of maximum load to working load
B
The amount of time a machine can operate
C
The size of the safety gear used
D
The number of safety checks performed
Correct Answer: A
It is the ratio of the maximum load a component can carry to the expected working load.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1237.
Which of the following best describes "recycling"?
A
Using a material only once
B
Reusing a material after it has been used once
C
Processing waste into new products
D
Disposing of waste in a landfill
Correct Answer: C
Recycling converts waste into new materials or products.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1238.
In a lever, the fulcrum is positioned:
A
At the end of the lever arm
B
Between the effort and load
C
At the point where the load is applied
D
At the center of the lever
Correct Answer: B
The fulcrum is the pivot point between effort and load.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1239.
Which of the following is NOT a type of energy conversion in a simple machine?
A
Mechanical to electrical
B
Electrical to mechanical
C
Chemical to thermal
D
Thermal to mechanical
Correct Answer: C
A simple machine typically converts mechanical, electrical, or thermal energy, not chemical directly.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1240.
In the Nigerian Basic Technology curriculum, "information technology" mainly focuses on:
A
Building computers from scratch
B
Using software tools for data processing
C
Manufacturing electronic gadgets
D
None of the above
Correct Answer: B
IT education emphasizes software applications for information handling.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1241.
Which of these materials has the highest electrical resistance?
A
Copper
B
Aluminium
C
Glass
D
Steel
Correct Answer: C
Glass is an insulator with very high electrical resistance.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1242.
When designing a simple machine, the "efficiency" is calculated as:
A
Output work / Input work × 100%
B
Input work / Output work × 100%
C
Input power / Output power × 100%
D
Output power / Input power × 100%
Correct Answer: A
Efficiency measures how much of the input work is converted into useful output work.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1243.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a "solid" state of matter?
A
Definite shape and volume
B
Only definite volume
C
Only definite shape
D
Neither shape nor volume
Correct Answer: A
Solids maintain both a definite shape and volume.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1244.
In the process of "casting," metal is:
A
Milled into shape
B
Drilled to create holes
C
Molten and poured into a mould
D
Forged under pressure
Correct Answer: C
Casting involves pouring molten metal into a mould to take its shape.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1245.
The main environmental concern associated with the use of plastic bags is:
A
They decompose quickly
B
They are biodegradable
C
They contribute to waste and pollution
D
They are renewable
Correct Answer: C
Plastic bags are non-biodegradable and contribute to litter and pollution.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1246.
Which of the following is a common method of heat transfer in a kitchen?
A
Conduction
B
Radiation
C
Convection
D
All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Cooking uses conduction, convection, and radiation to transfer heat.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1247.
The "toolbox" in basic technology refers to:
A
A set of hand tools used for small tasks
B
A storage unit for raw materials
C
A computer program for design
D
None of the above
Correct Answer: A
A toolbox contains hand tools like hammers, screwdrivers, and pliers.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1248.
Which of these is an example of a "mechanical advantage" in a simple machine?
A
A lever that reduces effort required to lift a load
B
A machine that increases speed without changing torque
C
A device that stores electrical energy
D
A tool that changes the shape of a material
Correct Answer: A
Mechanical advantage refers to the factor by which a machine reduces the input effort.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1249.
In the Nigerian Basic Technology curriculum, "construction materials" primarily include:
A
Metals only
B
Plastics only
C
Cement, sand, and aggregates
D
Food items
Correct Answer: C
Construction materials focus on building components like cement, sand, and aggregates.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1250.
Which of the following is NOT a type of material used in basic technology?
A
Wood
B
Plastic
C
Fabric
D
Blood
Correct Answer: D
Materials in basic technology include wood, plastic, metal, and fabric, but blood is not a material used in manufacturing or craft.