Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1101.
In physics, force is defined as?
A
Energy per unit mass
B
Mass times acceleration
C
Work done over distance
D
Pressure times area
Correct Answer: B
Newton's second law states F = m × a.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1102.
Which of the following is a renewable source of energy that can be replenished naturally?
A
Coal
B
Natural gas
C
Hydroelectric power
D
Uranium
Correct Answer: C
Hydroelectric power uses flowing water, a renewable resource.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1103.
What is the function of the chlorophyll pigment in plant cells?
A
To store energy
B
To absorb light for photosynthesis
C
To provide structural support
D
To transport water
Correct Answer: B
Chlorophyll captures light energy for photosynthesis.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Science
Q1104.
Which of the following best describes the principle of conservation of mass?
A
Mass can be created in a chemical reaction
B
Mass can be destroyed in a chemical reaction
C
Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a closed system
D
Mass changes when energy is added
Correct Answer: C
The law states that mass remains constant in a closed system during a chemical reaction.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1105.
Which of the following is an example of a non-metallic material used in construction?
A
Steel
B
Aluminum
C
Concrete
D
Copper
Correct Answer: C
Concrete is a composite non-metallic material commonly used in construction.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1106.
What is the main function of a safety guard on a woodworking machine?
A
To increase speed
B
To protect the operator from injury
C
To improve the finish quality
D
To reduce noise
Correct Answer: B
A safety guard prevents the operator from coming into contact with moving parts.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1107.
Which tool is best suited for measuring the length of a piece of wood?
A
Caliper
B
Tape measure
C
Scissors
D
Hammer
Correct Answer: B
A tape measure is designed for measuring linear distances.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1108.
In the context of technology, what does "sustainability" refer to?
A
Using only natural materials
B
Maintaining high production speed
C
Using resources in a way that does not deplete them for future generations
D
Replacing all tools with electronic ones
Correct Answer: C
Sustainability means using resources responsibly to preserve them for future use.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1109.
Which of the following is a simple machine that uses a lever to lift heavy loads?
A
Wheel and axle
B
Inclined plane
C
Pulley
D
Seesaw
Correct Answer: D
A seesaw is a lever that helps lift heavy loads with a small effort.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1110.
What is the purpose of a design sketch in a technology project?
A
To decorate the project
B
To provide a visual representation of the final product
C
To record the cost of materials
D
To measure the weight of the finished item
Correct Answer: B
A design sketch shows how the final product should look before construction begins.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1111.
Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
A
Coal
B
Natural gas
C
Solar power
D
Oil
Correct Answer: C
Solar power is generated from sunlight, a renewable source.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1112.
What does the term "prototype" mean in technology?
A
A finished product ready for sale
B
An early sample used to test concepts
C
A design plan only
D
A list of materials needed
Correct Answer: B
A prototype is an early model used to evaluate design and functionality.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1113.
Which tool would you use to cut a metal rod into equal lengths?
A
Saw
B
Chisel
C
Hacksaw
D
Drill
Correct Answer: C
A hacksaw is specifically designed for cutting metal.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1114.
The process of shaping a material by applying heat and pressure is known as:
A
Casting
B
Extrusion
C
Forging
D
Welding
Correct Answer: C
Forging involves heating a material and shaping it with force.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1115.
Which safety equipment should you wear when using a soldering iron?
A
Sunglasses
B
Protective gloves and eye protection
C
Earplugs only
D
A hat
Correct Answer: B
Gloves protect hands from heat and eye protection guards against splashes.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1116.
Which of the following materials is best for making a waterproof seal?
A
Paper
B
Rubber
C
Wood
D
Fabric
Correct Answer: B
Rubber is flexible and impermeable, making it ideal for sealing.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1117.
What is the main advantage of using a digital caliper over a ruler?
A
It is cheaper
B
It provides more accurate measurements
C
It is easier to read
D
It is larger
Correct Answer: B
Digital calipers offer higher precision than a standard ruler.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1118.
In technology, the term "ergonomics" refers to:
A
The study of machine parts
B
The design of tools to fit human use comfortably
C
The cost of materials
D
The speed of production
Correct Answer: B
Ergonomics focuses on designing tools and workspaces for human comfort and efficiency.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1119.
Which of the following is a common use of a lathe?
A
Cutting a sheet of metal
B
Drilling a hole
C
Turning wood into a cylinder
D
Welding two pieces together
Correct Answer: C
A lathe rotates a workpiece to create cylindrical shapes.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1120.
What is the purpose of a jig in a workshop?
A
To hold a workpiece in a fixed position during operation
B
To sharpen tools
C
To measure distances
D
To store materials
Correct Answer: A
A jig is a custom-made tool that guides the operation and holds the material steady.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1121.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a composite material?
A
Made from a single element
B
Made from two or more materials combined for better properties
C
Only found in nature
D
Cannot be recycled
Correct Answer: B
Composite materials combine different substances to enhance strength, durability, or other qualities.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1122.
When designing a simple machine, which factor is most important to consider for efficiency?
A
Color of the material
B
Size of the operator
C
The ratio of input force to output force
D
The brand of the machine
Correct Answer: C
Efficiency depends on how effectively input force is transformed into output force.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1123.
Which of the following is a tool used for measuring angles?
A
Ruler
B
Protractor
C
Tape measure
D
Compass
Correct Answer: B
A protractor is specifically designed to measure angles accurately.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1124.
What is the primary purpose of using a coolant in machining?
A
To increase the speed of the machine
B
To reduce heat and wear on the cutting tool
C
To make the machine louder
D
To change the color of the metal
Correct Answer: B
Coolants lower temperature, reducing tool wear and improving surface finish.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1125.
In the process of "soldering," what is the main function of the solder?
A
To act as a lubricant
B
To join two metal surfaces together
C
To paint the metal
D
To cut the metal
Correct Answer: B
Solder is a fusible metal that bonds two components when melted and solidified.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1126.
Which of the following tools is best for measuring the thickness of a sheet?
A
Caliper
B
Hammer
C
Saw
D
Screwdriver
Correct Answer: A
A caliper can accurately measure small thicknesses.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1127.
When working with electrical circuits, why is it important to use insulated tools?
A
They are cheaper
B
They reduce the risk of electric shock
C
They make the work faster
D
They improve the taste of the product
Correct Answer: B
Insulated tools prevent accidental conduction of electricity to the operator.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1128.
Which of the following best describes a "biscuit joiner"?
A
A machine that cuts wooden biscuits
B
A tool that creates a slot for a wooden biscuit to join two pieces
C
A device that measures biscuit thickness
D
A grinder for wood
Correct Answer: B
A biscuit joiner cuts slots that receive wooden biscuits to join panels.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1129.
In a workshop, the "workbench" is primarily used for:
A
Storing chemicals
B
Providing a stable surface for work
C
Cutting metal
D
Painting
Correct Answer: B
A workbench offers a flat, sturdy surface for various tasks.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1130.
Which of the following is a key principle of "lean manufacturing"?
A
Increase waste to boost creativity
B
Produce as many items as possible regardless of quality
C
Eliminate waste and improve efficiency
D
Use only manual labor
Correct Answer: C
Lean manufacturing focuses on waste reduction and process optimization.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1131.
What is the main benefit of using a "CNC machine" in technology?
A
It is cheaper than manual machines
B
It allows for precise, repeatable operations controlled by computer
C
It requires no operator
D
It is only used for metalwork
Correct Answer: B
CNC machines use computer programming to perform precise tasks.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1132.
In the context of technology, what does the term "CAD" stand for?
A
Computer Aided Design
B
Construction and Development
C
Cutting and Drilling
D
Cost Analysis Diagram
Correct Answer: A
CAD is software used to create detailed technical drawings.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1133.
Which safety practice is essential before starting any workshop activity?
A
Wearing bright clothing
B
Reading the user manual and wearing appropriate PPE
C
Starting the machine immediately
D
Ignoring small sparks
Correct Answer: B
Proper safety includes reading manuals and wearing personal protective equipment.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1134.
Which of the following is an example of a "green technology" in everyday life?
A
Using a gasoline car
B
Installing solar panels on a roof
C
Burning wood for heat
D
Using incandescent bulbs
Correct Answer: B
Solar panels harness renewable energy, reducing carbon emissions.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1135.
Which of the following is NOT a type of technology discussed in JSS 1 Basic Technology?
A
Mechanical
B
Chemical
C
Biological
D
Astronomical
Correct Answer: D
The curriculum covers mechanical, chemical, biological, and information technologies, but not astronomical technology.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1136.
What is the unit of measurement for electrical resistance?
A
Volts
B
Amperes
C
Ohms
D
Watts
Correct Answer: C
Resistance is measured in ohms, symbol Ω.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1137.
Which of these materials is best suited for making a simple lever?
A
Rubber
B
Wood
C
Plastic
D
Glass
Correct Answer: B
Wood is strong, lightweight, and easily shaped, making it ideal for lever construction.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1138.
In a circuit diagram, a symbol that looks like a circle with a line inside represents a:
A
Switch
B
Battery
C
Resistor
D
Capacitor
Correct Answer: D
The capacitor symbol is a circle with a line inside, indicating its ability to store charge.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1139.
What is the primary purpose of a pulley in mechanical engineering?
A
To increase speed
B
To change direction of force
C
To reduce weight
D
To store energy
Correct Answer: B
A pulley changes the direction of the applied force, making lifting easier.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1140.
Which of the following is a renewable resource?
A
Coal
B
Natural gas
C
Solar energy
D
Petroleum
Correct Answer: C
Solar energy is renewable because it comes from the sun and is constantly replenished.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1141.
The process of converting raw material into finished product is called:
A
Production
B
Manufacturing
C
Fabrication
D
Processing
Correct Answer: D
Processing refers to transforming raw materials into usable products.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1142.
Which of these tools is used to measure length accurately?
A
Ruler
B
Thermometer
C
Barometer
D
Scale
Correct Answer: A
A ruler is the standard tool for measuring length.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1143.
In electronics, a device that allows current to flow in one direction only is known as a:
A
Resistor
B
Diode
C
Capacitor
D
Inductor
Correct Answer: B
A diode permits current flow in one direction, blocking it in the reverse.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1144.
What is the main function of a battery in a circuit?
A
To amplify signals
B
To store electrical energy
C
To convert AC to DC
D
To regulate voltage
Correct Answer: B
A battery stores electrical energy and supplies it to the circuit.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1145.
Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
A
Wind
B
Water
C
Oil
D
Geothermal
Correct Answer: C
Oil is a fossil fuel that cannot be replenished on a human timescale.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1146.
The basic unit of information in computing is called a:
A
Byte
B
Bit
C
Pixel
D
Symbol
Correct Answer: B
A bit is the smallest unit of information, representing 0 or 1.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1147.
Which of these is an example of a simple machine?
A
Motor
B
Wheel and axle
C
Engine
D
Computer
Correct Answer: B
A wheel and axle is a classic simple machine that reduces effort.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1148.
Which of the following tools is used to cut metal sheets?
A
Hammer
B
Saw
C
Chisel
D
Drill
Correct Answer: B
A saw is designed to cut through various materials, including metal.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1149.
In the context of Basic Technology, what does the term "sustainable development" refer to?
A
Building only for short-term needs
B
Using resources so they are exhausted quickly
C
Using resources in a way that meets present needs without compromising future generations
D
Ignoring environmental impacts
Correct Answer: C
Sustainable development balances current use with future resource availability.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1150.
Which of these is a characteristic of a good tool?
A
Heavy weight
B
Complex design
C
Ergonomic handle
D
Fragile material
Correct Answer: C
An ergonomic handle improves comfort and reduces strain during use.