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Instruction
JAMB Government 1990
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6201.Which of the following is the least democratic selection process?
AFirst past the post system
BProportional representation
CIndirect Election
DCo-option
Correct Answer: D
Co-option is the least democratic selection process because it involves selecting members by the existing members themselves, without any input from the electorate or wider party membership. First past the post, proportional representation, and indirect election all involve some form of voting or broader participation.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6202.An indispensable aspect of the constitution of a democratic state is
Apress censorship
Bpresidentialism
Cfundamental human rights
Dsocialism ideology
Correct Answer: C
Fundamental human rights are an indispensable aspect of any democratic constitution. They guarantee basic freedoms and protections for citizens against arbitrary government action. Press censorship is anti-democratic. Presidentialism and socialism are optional systems, not indispensable.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6203.A good democratic constitution should aspire to evolve the following EXCEPT
Aa judiciary dependent on the executive
Bgenuine and truly national political parties
Ca free and fair electoral system
Dthe establishment of the principle of accountability for public officers
Correct Answer: A
A good democratic constitution should NOT evolve a judiciary dependent on the executive. Judicial independence is essential for democracy. Genuine political parties, free elections, and accountability are all desirable features of a democratic constitution.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6204.Which of the following is NOT characteristic of democracy?
APopular sovereignty
BRegular elections
CMajority rule
DLimited franchise
Correct Answer: D
Limited franchise is NOT a characteristic of democracy. Democracy is characterized by universal adult suffrage (broad franchise). Popular sovereignty, regular elections, and majority rule are all features of democracy.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6205.The principle of separation of powers is fundamental to the
Aparliamentary system
Bpresidential system
Ctotalitarian system
Dfederal system
Correct Answer: B
The principle of separation of powers is fundamental to the presidential system, where the executive, legislature, and judiciary are separate and independent. In the parliamentary system, the executive and legislature are fused. Federalism is about territorial division of power, not separation of governmental functions.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6206.Under socialism, the control of power resides with the
Apeasants
Bbourgeoisie
Cnobles
Dproletariat
Correct Answer: D
Under socialism, the control of power resides with the proletariat (the working class). Socialism aims to establish a classless society where the workers own and control the means of production. The bourgeoisie (capitalist class) controls power under capitalism.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6207.Marxism is directed against
Astate ownership of the means of production
Bmaterialism
Cthe proletariat
Dsocialism
Correct Answer: A
Marxism is directed against capitalism and private ownership of the means of production. It advocates for state ownership. The question is poorly worded, but Marxism is not directed against state ownership — it advocates for it. Marxism is also not directed against socialism (its goal) or the proletariat (whom it champions).
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6208.The rule of law implies that
Ajudges interpret the law
Blawyers interpret the law
Ceveryone is subject to the law
Dthe legislature make the law
Correct Answer: C
The rule of law implies that everyone — rulers and ruled alike — is subject to the law. No one is above the law. Judges interpreting the law and the legislature making laws are aspects of the legal system but not the definition of the rule of law.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6209.A by-law is made by
Aparliament
Bcongress
Can electoral college
Dthe local government
Correct Answer: D
A by-law is made by the local government (local council) to regulate matters within its jurisdiction, such as markets, sanitation, and local roads. Parliament and Congress make national laws. An electoral college elects officials.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6210.The notion of 'carpet-crossing' in a parliamentary democracy involves
Acrossing from the Lower house to the Upper house
Bchanging party allegiance after election
Copposing party discipline in parliament
Dresigning from parliament
Correct Answer: B
Carpet-crossing (also called defection) in a parliamentary democracy involves a legislator changing party allegiance after election. This can change the balance of power in parliament and is often controversial.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6211.In a parliament, the most extensive amendment to a bill takes place at the
Afirst reading
Bcommittee stage
Csecond reading
Dfinal stage
Correct Answer: B
The most extensive amendment to a bill takes place at the committee stage, where the bill is examined clause by clause in detail. First and second readings are general debates. The final stage is for approval.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6212.A set of internalized norms which guides political action is called
Apower
Bvalue
Claw
Dsymbol
Correct Answer: B
A value is a set of internalized norms that guides political action. Values are beliefs about what is desirable or proper. Power is the ability to influence. Law is a formal rule. Symbol is a representation.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6213.Freedom of speech in a democratic state is limited by
Alaw of sedition
Blaw of trespass
Cpress censorship
Dmartial law
Correct Answer: A
Freedom of speech in a democratic state is limited by the law of sedition, which prohibits speech that incites rebellion against the state. The law of trespass deals with property. Press censorship is anti-democratic. Martial law is military rule.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6214.Habeas corpus is an essential process for safeguard in the right of citizens to
Avote
Bpersonal liberty
Cown property
Dfreedom of speech
Correct Answer: B
Habeas corpus is a legal writ that protects the right to personal liberty by requiring that a person detained be brought before a court to determine the legality of the detention. It does not directly protect voting, property, or speech.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6215.The most effective way of monitoring public opinion is
Aby examining the questions asked by journalists
Bby the frequency of the press releases of pressure groups
Cby referendum
Dthrough opinion poll
Correct Answer: D
The most effective and systematic way of monitoring public opinion is through opinion polls, which scientifically sample the views of the population. Referendums measure opinion on a single issue. Journalists' questions and pressure group releases are less systematic.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6216.In a true democracy, franchise can be limited by
Asex
Beducation
Cage
Dwealth
Correct Answer: C
In a true democracy, franchise (the right to vote) can only be limited by age — only adults of a certain age are allowed to vote. Limiting by sex, education, or wealth is discriminatory and undemocratic.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6217.Liberalism is a philosophy underlying
Asocialism
Bcapitalism
Cfeudalism
Dnazism
Correct Answer: B
Liberalism is a philosophy underlying capitalism, emphasizing individual freedom, private property, free markets, and limited government. Socialism emphasizes collective ownership. Feudalism is based on land hierarchy. Nazism is fascist and totalitarian.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6218.Which of the following served as the electoral college during the election into the Constituent Assembly in 1978?
ALocal communities
Blocal government council
Cthe Federal Electoral Commission
DTraditional councils
Correct Answer: B
The local government councils served as the electoral college during the election into the Constituent Assembly in 1978. The Constituent Assembly was tasked with deliberating on the draft constitution for the Second Republic.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6219.Traditional rulers in Nigeria exercised the greatest political powers under
Athe military administrations
Bthe second republic
Cthe first republic
Dindirect rule
Correct Answer: D
Traditional rulers exercised the greatest political powers under indirect rule, when the British colonial administration governed through them. Their powers were reduced after independence and further curtailed by the 1976 Local Government Reforms.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6220.During the second republic, some local government councils were created by
Astate governments
Bthe federal government
Cthe national assembly
Dthe judiciary
Correct Answer: A
During the Second Republic (1979-1983), local government councils were created by state governments. The 1979 Constitution gave state governments the power to create local governments.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6221.The principal objective of British colonial policy in Nigeria was to
ALay a solid foundation for Nigeria independence
Bhelp build a virile Nigeria economy
Cpromote missionary activities
Dexploit and expropriate Nigeria resources for British interests
Correct Answer: D
The principal objective of British colonial policy in Nigeria was to exploit and expropriate Nigerian resources for British economic interests. Colonialism was primarily economically motivated. Other objectives like missionary activities and building the economy were secondary.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6222.Which of the following factors contributed most to cash crop production during the colonial administration in Nigeria?
AEducation
BPacification
CForced Labour
DTaxation
Correct Answer: D
Taxation contributed most to cash crop production during the colonial administration. Africans were required to pay taxes in cash, which forced them to cultivate cash crops to earn money. Forced labour was used for infrastructure, not cash crop production.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6223.Under the military regime in Nigeria, state enactment are known as
ALaws
Bdecrees
Cedicts
Dpromulgations
Correct Answer: C
Under military regimes in Nigeria, laws made at the state level were known as edicts. Laws made at the federal level by the military were called decrees. Acts are made by the legislature.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6224.The military normally belongs to the arm(s) of government known as
Athe legislature and the judiciary
Bthe executive
Cthe judiciary
Dthe judiciary and the executive
Correct Answer: B
The military belongs to the executive arm of government. It implements and enforces laws and policies. It does not make laws (legislature) or interpret laws (judiciary).
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6225.The first political party in Nigeria was the
ANigerian National Democratic Party
BNigeria Youth Movement
CAction Group
DNational Councils of Nigeria and the Cameroons
Correct Answer: A
The first political party in Nigeria was the Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP), founded by Herbert Macaulay in 1923.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6226.The major problem of the Nigerian federal structure in the first republic was
Aethnicity
Bpoliticization of the military
Clopsided size of the component units
Drigging of elections
Correct Answer: C
The major problem of the Nigerian federal structure in the First Republic was the lopsided size of the component units. The Northern Region was larger in size and population than the Eastern and Western Regions combined, which created political imbalance.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6227.The legislative organ of the Federal Government in the first republic was the
Aparliament
Bjudiciary
Clegislature Council
Dnational assembly
Correct Answer: A
The legislative organ of the Federal Government in the First Republic was the Parliament, which consisted of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The National Assembly is the current term.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6228.Which of the following is an autonomous governmental agency?
AThe Civil Service Commission
BThe National Security Council
CThe Manpower Advisory Committee
DThe National Emergency Relief Agency
Correct Answer: A
The Civil Service Commission is an autonomous governmental agency. It is independent and not subject to control by the executive in the discharge of its functions. The other bodies are advisory or executive agencies.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6229.Which of the following was the LEAST important rationale for Nigerian federalism?
AThe vastness of the territory and the size of the population
BDiverse cultures
CEconomic benefits
DBicameral legislature
Correct Answer: D
Bicameral legislature is the least important rationale for Nigerian federalism. Federalism is justified by the vastness of territory, diverse cultures, and economic benefits. The bicameral legislature is a feature of federalism, not a reason for it.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6230.One of the agreements of the 1957 constitutional conference was that
ASouthern Cameroons should constitute a separate region
Ba House of Chiefs was to be created in the Western Region
Cthe office of the speaker of the House of Representatives was to be created
Dthe police was to be regionalized
Correct Answer: C
One of the agreements of the 1957 constitutional conference was that the office of the Speaker of the House of Representatives was to be created. This was part of the preparations for independence.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6231.The two nationalist leaders who led the tour of Northern Nigeria in 1946 to campaign against the Richards Constitution were
AAhmadu Bello and Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
BNnamdi Azikiwe and Obafemi Awolowo
CHerbert Macaulay and Nnamdi Azikiwe
DSamuel Akintola and Ahmadu Bello
Correct Answer: B
Nnamdi Azikiwe and Obafemi Awolowo led the tour of Northern Nigeria in 1946 to campaign against the Richards Constitution. They sought to educate Northerners about the constitution's shortcomings.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6232.Indirect election was first introduced in Nigeria by the
ALyttleton Constitution
BMacpherson constitution
CRichards Constitutions
DClifford constitution
Correct Answer: D
Indirect election was first introduced in Nigeria by the Clifford Constitution of 1922. The constitution introduced the elective principle, but elections were indirect in some cases. (Note: The 1922 Constitution introduced the elective principle for Lagos and Calabar.)
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6233.The motion of self government was moved in 1953 by the
ANorthern People's Congress
BAction Group
CNational Council of Nigerian and the Cameroon
DNorthern Elements Progressive Union
Correct Answer: B
The motion for self-government was moved in 1953 by the Action Group, led by Chief Anthony Enahoro. He moved the motion in the Federal House of Representatives for Nigeria to become independent in 1956.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6234.Which of the following had a centralized administration in pre-colonial Nigeria?
AThe Igbos
BThe Tivs
CThe Ibbios
DThe Yorubas
Correct Answer: D
The Yorubas had a centralized administration in pre-colonial Nigeria, with the Oba as the political head and the Oyomesi as the council of chiefs. The Igbos, Tivs, and Ibbios had largely acephalous (stateless) systems.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6235.In which of the following states was the governor impeached during the second republic?
ABorno
BBendel
CKaduna
DAnambra
Correct Answer: A
During the Second Republic, Governor Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa of Kaduna State was impeached in 1981. (Note: The question has no correct option; Kaduna is the correct answer.)
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6236.The ECOWAS trade liberalization programme excluded trade in
Aunprocessed goods
Bcrude oil
Ctraditional crafts
DIndustrial products
Correct Answer: B
The ECOWAS trade liberalization programme excluded trade in crude oil. Crude oil was exempted because it is a strategic resource and a major source of revenue for member states.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6237.The Economic Commission for Africa is an agency of
AThe OAU
BECOWAS
CThe E.E.C.
DThe U.N.O.
Correct Answer: D
The Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) is an agency of the United Nations Organization (UNO). It was established in 1958 to promote economic and social development in Africa.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6238.Which of the following pairs of countries were trust territories of the United Nations
ATanganyika and Ghana
BCameroon and Niger
CTogo and Namibia
DBotswana and Zaire
Correct Answer: C
Togo and Namibia were trust territories of the United Nations. Tanganyika was also a trust territory, but Ghana was not. Cameroon was a trust territory, but Niger was not.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6239.The headquarters of the O.A.U. Liberation Committee is located in
ALagos
BAddis Ababa
CDar-es-Salam
DHarare
Correct Answer: C
The headquarters of the OAU Liberation Committee was located in Dar-es-Salam, Tanzania. It coordinated support for liberation movements in Southern Africa.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6240.Which of the following groups advocated for political union of Africa States?
AThe Congo Group
BThe Brazzaville Group
CThe Casablanca Group
DThe Monrovia Group
Correct Answer: C
The Casablanca Group advocated for the political union of African states. It was led by Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and included countries like Guinea, Mali, Egypt, and Morocco. The Monrovia Group preferred a looser association.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6241.Nigeria's first external affairs minister was
AAlhaji Nuhu Ramali
BProf. Ishaya Audu
CDr. Okoi Arikpo
DJaja Wachukwu
Correct Answer: D
Nigeria's first external affairs minister was Jaja Wachukwu. He served from 1960 to 1961.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6242.The first conference of the Non-Aligned Movement was held in
ABelgrade
BBandung
CHavana
DHarare
Correct Answer: A
The first conference of the Non-Aligned Movement was held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, in 1961. The Bandung Conference of 1955 was a precursor.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6243.Which of these countries is NOT a member of the Commonwealth of Nations?
APapua New Guinea
BSri-Lanka
CGrenada
DRwanda
Correct Answer: D
Rwanda is NOT a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was a Belgian colony and joined the Commonwealth in 2009, but by 1990 it was not a member. (Note: Rwanda joined in 2009, so the answer depends on the date of the exam.)
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1990
Q6244.In international relations, countries have a right to
Aexport oil
Bcreate more states
Cdiplomatic immunity of their envoys
Down a police force
Correct Answer: C
In international relations, countries have a right to diplomatic immunity for their envoys. This is a fundamental principle of international law. Exporting oil, creating states, and owning a police force are domestic matters.
Instruction
JAMB Government 1991
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6245.Political authority is vested in the
Astate
Bjudiciary
Cgovernment
Darmed forces
Correct Answer: A
Political authority is vested in the state. The state is the political entity that possesses sovereignty and authority over a defined territory. The government is the machinery through which the state exercises its authority. The judiciary and armed forces are organs of the state.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6246.An indispensable feature of any government is
Aa written constitution
Bthe independence of the judiciary
Cthe separation of powers
Dpolitical power
Correct Answer: D
An indispensable feature of any government is political power — the ability to make and enforce decisions. A written constitution, judicial independence, and separation of powers are desirable but not indispensable; many governments function without them.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6247.The unrestrained power of a state over its citizens defines the concept of
Anationalism
Bself-determination
Cnation-state
Dsovereignty
Correct Answer: D
Sovereignty is the unrestrained power of a state over its citizens and territory. It is the supreme authority to make and enforce laws without external interference. Nationalism is love for one's nation. Self-determination is the right of a people to determine their political status.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6248.Case-laws are made by the
Alegislature
Bcouncil of ministers
Cjudiciary
Dpresident
Correct Answer: C
Case-laws (also called common law or judicial precedents) are made by the judiciary. When judges decide cases, the legal principles they establish become binding on lower courts in future similar cases.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6249.Which of the following undermines the independence of the judiciary?
AThe confirmation of the appointment of the chief justice by the legislature
BWidespread use of tribunals
CPayment of the salaries of judicial officers by government
DMaking the minister of justice the attorney general
Correct Answer: B
Widespread use of tribunals undermines the independence of the judiciary because tribunals often lack the independence and impartiality of regular courts. They are often controlled by the executive. Payment of salaries and confirmation of appointments are standard procedures.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6250.Bicameral legislatures are popular in
Aunitary system
Bfederal system
Cconfederal system
Drigid system
Correct Answer: B
Bicameral legislatures are popular in federal systems because the upper house represents the component units (states or regions) on an equal basis, protecting their interests. Unitary systems often have unicameral legislatures.