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Instruction
JAMB Government 1992
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6301.Which of the following is NOT an acceptable means of achieving democracy?
AReferendum
BRecall
CInitiative
DRiots
Correct Answer: D
Riots are NOT an acceptable means of achieving democracy. Democracy is achieved through peaceful and constitutional means such as referendum, recall, initiative, and elections. Riots are violent and undermine democratic processes.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6302.In the cabinet system of government, individual responsibility of ministers means that
Aonly ministers can be held responsible for errors
Ba minister must hold his subordinates responsible for his failures
Cthe prime minister can remove an erring minister
Dno individual can be held responsible for government decisions
Correct Answer: C
In the cabinet system, individual responsibility of ministers means that each minister is personally responsible for their own actions and those of their department. The Prime Minister can remove an erring minister. Collective responsibility means all ministers are responsible for government decisions. (Note: The question and options are somewhat garbled.)
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6303.The principle of collective responsibility does not operate under the presidential system of government because
Acabinet members are responsible people
Bthe legislative and the executive work together
Cthe executive is elected for a fixed term
Dthe judiciary will overrule the impeachment of the cabinet
Correct Answer: C
The principle of collective responsibility does not operate under the presidential system because the executive is elected for a fixed term. The president and cabinet members are not accountable to the legislature in the same way as in a parliamentary system. They can only be removed through impeachment for specific offences, not for losing legislative confidence.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6304.Law making under military is done through
Adelegated legislation
Badministrative enactment
Cthe promulgation of decrees
Dthe Ministry of Justice
Correct Answer: C
Law making under military rule is done through the promulgation of decrees at the federal level and edicts at the state level. Decrees are laws made by the military government. Delegated legislation and administrative enactments are made under civilian rule.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6305.The most critical debates on a bill and amendments to it take place during the
Afirst reading
Bsecond reading
Cthird reading
Dassent
Correct Answer: B
The most critical debates on a bill and amendments to it take place during the second reading. This is the stage where the general principles of the bill are debated. The first reading is a formality. The committee stage involves detailed clause-by-clause examination. The third reading is for final approval.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6306.The fundamental rights of citizens include
Asocial security and free speech
Breligious freedom and collective aggression
Cimmunity from libel and right to employment
Dright to life and liberty
Correct Answer: D
The fundamental rights of citizens include the right to life and liberty. These are the most basic rights guaranteed by the constitution. Social security, free speech, religious freedom, and immunity from libel are also important but the right to life and liberty are the most fundamental.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6307.Electoral colleges have been criticized because they
Aare very expensive
Bcreate more seats in the legislature
Cmake the legislature too responsible
Dsometimes negate the wishes of the electorate
Correct Answer: D
Electoral colleges have been criticized because they sometimes negate the wishes of the electorate. In an electoral college system, the electors may vote for a candidate who did not win the popular vote. This happened in the United States in 2016. Electoral colleges are not necessarily more expensive or create more legislative seats.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6308.Universal adult suffrage is usually restricted in most political systems to
Athose with landed property
Bliterates
Ccitizens
Dthose not more than 70 years old
Correct Answer: C
Universal adult suffrage is usually restricted in most political systems to citizens. Only citizens of a country have the right to vote. Restrictions based on property, literacy, or age (maximum) are undemocratic. There is usually a minimum age (e.g., 18 years).
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6309.An election in which citizens are called upon to vote for or against a specified issue is called a
Amandate
Breferendum
Cby-election
Drun-off election
Correct Answer: B
A referendum is an election in which citizens are called upon to vote for or against a specified issue. It is a direct vote on a specific question. A by-election fills a vacant seat. A run-off election is a second election between top candidates.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6310.The most important objective of political parties is to
Aelect their spokesmen
Blobby the government
Cform effective national organisations
Dcontrol the government
Correct Answer: D
The most important objective of political parties is to control the government. They do this by contesting and winning elections. Electing spokesmen and lobbying are means to this end. Forming effective national organizations is a secondary objective.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6311.The primary function of a pressure group is to
Awin and control governmental power
Belect their officials
Cinfluence government policy
Dorganise workers to confront government
Correct Answer: C
The primary function of a pressure group is to influence government policy in favour of its members. They do not seek to win and control governmental power (that is the aim of political parties). Electing officials is internal. Organizing workers is a tactic.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6312.The biased presentation of information in order influence public opinion is referred to as
Amobilization
Bpropaganda
Cindoctrination
Ddistortion
Correct Answer: B
Propaganda is the biased presentation of information in order to influence public opinion. It involves spreading information (often misleading) to promote a particular cause or point of view. Mobilization is organizing people for action. Indoctrination is teaching a doctrine uncritically. Distortion is misrepresenting facts.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6313.Which of the following was a great military political power before the colonization of Nigeria
AThe Idoma Kingdom
BThe Nupe kingdom
CThe Kwararafa empire
DThe Igala empire
Correct Answer: C
The Kwararafa empire was a great military political power before the colonization of Nigeria. It was a confederation of peoples in the Benue Valley known for its military strength. The other kingdoms were also powerful but Kwararafa was particularly noted for its military prowess.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6314.The Yoruba traditional governmental system was
Aegalitarian
Brepublican
Cdemocratic
Dmonarchical
Correct Answer: D
The Yoruba traditional governmental system was monarchical. The Oba (king) was the political and spiritual head, assisted by the Oyomesi (council of chiefs). It was not egalitarian, republican, or democratic in the modern sense.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6315.During the pre-colonial period in Eastern Nigeria autocratic rule was made difficult by the
Aactivities of secret societies
Brulers fear of dethronement
Cabsence of a system of centralized authority
Ddemands of pressure groups
Correct Answer: C
During the pre-colonial period in Eastern Nigeria, autocratic rule was made difficult by the absence of a system of centralized authority. The Igbo political system was acephalous (stateless), with power dispersed among age grades and village assemblies.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6316.Vassalage as a political system was practised by the
AIbbio and Igala
BTiv
CHausa Fulani
DIgbo and Efik
Correct Answer: C
Vassalage as a political system was practised by the Hausa-Fulani. In the Sokoto Caliphate, emirs were vassals of the Sultan, owing him allegiance and military support. The other groups did not practise vassalage.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6317.Which of the following was NOT a feature of colonial administration in Nigeria?
AForced labour
BLow prices and exports
CTaxes on the population
DEducation levy
Correct Answer: D
Education levy was NOT a feature of colonial administration in Nigeria. Colonial features included forced labour, low prices for exports, and taxes on the population. Education was largely left to missionaries and later funded by government.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6318.Dual mandate was proposed by
AHugh Clapperton
BHugh Clifford
CLord Lugard
DGeorge Goldie
Correct Answer: C
The dual mandate was proposed by Lord Lugard. It was the idea that colonial powers had a dual responsibility: to develop the resources of the colony for the benefit of the colonizing power and to promote the welfare of the indigenous people.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6319.The Northern People's Congress stand during the nationalist struggle for Nigeria's independence was for
Aimmediate independence for Nigeria
BGradual evolution towards independence
Cthe continuation of British rule
Dindependence in 1956
Correct Answer: B
The Northern People's Congress stood for gradual evolution towards independence. They were cautious about immediate independence because the North lagged behind the South in education and development. The Action Group and NCNC wanted immediate independence.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6320.The Aba women riot was caused by the attempt to introduce
Aindirect rule to Southern Nigeria
Bdirect taxes
Cthe warrant chief system
Dforced labour
Correct Answer: B
The Aba women riot of 1929 was caused by the attempt to introduce direct taxes on women in Eastern Nigeria. The women feared they would be taxed and their property confiscated. The warrant chief system was also a grievance but the immediate cause was taxation.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6321.One of the unique innovations of the 1951 constitution was the introduction of
Aregional premiers
Bthe office of the speaker
Cthe office of the prime minister
Dregional executives
Correct Answer: A
One of the unique innovations of the 1951 Macpherson Constitution was the introduction of regional premiers. Each region had a premier who was the head of the regional government. The office of the Prime Minister was created in 1954. (Note: The 1951 Constitution created regional executives, but the office of the Premier came with the 1954 Constitution.)
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6322.The Constituent Assembly of 1978 had the primary responsibility of
Adrafting a constitution for the Second Republic
Bdeliberating on, debating and amending the draft constitution
Cpassing the constitution into law
Dconducting a referendum on the draft constitution
Correct Answer: B
The Constituent Assembly of 1978 had the primary responsibility of deliberating on, debating, and amending the draft constitution. The constitution was drafted by the Constitution Drafting Committee. The Assembly debated and amended it before it was promulgated by the military government.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6323.To qualify to be President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria under the 1979 Constitution a candidate must
Abe at least 40 years of age
Bbe a Nigerian by birth
Chave the highest number of votes cast at the election
Dhave not less than 1/4 of the votes cast at the election in each of at least 2/3 of all states in the federation
Correct Answer: D
To qualify to be President under the 1979 Constitution, a candidate must have not less than 1/4 of the votes cast at the election in each of at least 2/3 of all states in the federation. This is in addition to having the highest number of votes. The age requirement is 35 years.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6324.By statute, the main responsibility of the armed forces of Nigeria is to
Aform a military government
Bmaintain law and order
Cdefend the sovereignty of the country
Dtake part in peace-keeping operations in troubled neighbourhood countries
Correct Answer: C
By statute, the main responsibility of the armed forces of Nigeria is to defend the sovereignty of the country. Maintaining law and order is the responsibility of the police. Peace-keeping operations are secondary.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6325.The highest court in Nigeria before 1963 was the
ASupreme Court
BHigh Court
CJudicial Committee of the Privy Council
DCourt of Appeal
Correct Answer: C
The highest court in Nigeria before 1963 was the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London. Appeals could go from the Nigerian Supreme Court to the Privy Council. The 1963 Republican Constitution abolished this, making the Supreme Court the highest court.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6326.The highest decision making body in Nigeria under the Buhari regime was the
AArmed Forces Ruling Council
BSupreme Military Council
CNational Council of States
DFederal Executive Council
Correct Answer: B
The highest decision-making body in Nigeria under the Buhari regime (1983-1985) was the Supreme Military Council. The Armed Forces Ruling Council was under Babangida. The National Council of States is an advisory body. The Federal Executive Council is the executive arm.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6327.Under the 1979 Constitution, the function of the Civil Service Commission include the
Aappointment of Civil Service Commissioners
Bappointment, promotion and discipline of civil servants
Cnegotiating better conditions of service for civil servants
Dposting of permanent secretaries
Correct Answer: B
Under the 1979 Constitution, the function of the Civil Service Commission includes the appointment, promotion, and discipline of civil servants. Negotiating conditions of service and posting of permanent secretaries are done by other bodies.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6328.The primary factor which led to the formation of political parties in colonial Nigeria was
Aintroduction of the elective principle and representative institutions
Bincreased wealth of the indigenous elites
Cgranting of self government by the colonial administration
Dcall by black people all over the world for a final assault on colonialism
Correct Answer: A
The primary factor which led to the formation of political parties in colonial Nigeria was the introduction of the elective principle and representative institutions by the Clifford Constitution of 1922. This created the need for organized groups to contest elections. Increased wealth and self-government came later.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6329.Three of the principles used in revenue allocation in Nigeria are
Anational interest, cultural ethnocentrism and national unity
Bland mass, primary school enrolment and geographical location
Cderivation, equality and even development
Dneeds, derivation and relative stability
Correct Answer: D
Three principles used in revenue allocation in Nigeria are needs, derivation, and relative stability. Other principles include equality, population, and land mass. National interest, cultural ethnocentrism, and national unity are not standard revenue allocation principles.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6330.The results of the 1973 census in Nigeria were rejected because
Athe figures were unacceptable to the U.N.
Bthe figures were controversial
CNigerians were contented with the existing population figures
Dthere were preparations for a fresh census
Correct Answer: B
The results of the 1973 census in Nigeria were rejected because the figures were controversial. The census was alleged to have been manipulated to favour certain regions. The controversy led to its cancellation and a new census in 1991.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6331.One of the advantages of privatization is that it
Arelieves government of its liquidity problem
Bmakes the poor to be richer
Cgives private individuals control over public corporations
Dmakes public corporations more effective
Correct Answer: A
One advantage of privatization is that it relieves the government of its liquidity problem. By selling public enterprises, the government raises revenue and reduces the financial burden of subsidizing inefficient corporations. Making the poor richer and making corporations more effective are potential but not guaranteed benefits.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6332.The most important aspect of the 1976 Local Government Reforms was the
Aintroduction of a uniform system of local government
Bintroduction of party politics at the local levels
Csubordination of local government to the Federal and state Governments
Drecognition of local government as autonomous and sovereign government
Correct Answer: A
The most important aspect of the 1976 Local Government Reforms was the introduction of a uniform system of local government throughout Nigeria. Before the reforms, local government systems varied from region to region. The reforms standardized them.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6333.Local governments were created in Nigeria mainly to
Arealise the objective of full employment
Bbring government nearer to the people
Cprevent the creation of more states
Dencourage competition and rivalry amongst ethnic groups
Correct Answer: B
Local governments were created in Nigeria mainly to bring government nearer to the people. They are the third tier of government, ensuring that governance reaches the grassroots. Full employment, preventing states, and encouraging ethnic rivalry are not the main reasons.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6334.The Nigeria Military Government launched the Second National Development plan in 1970 purposely
Ato develop all the disadvantaged states
Bto accelerate the development of the country
Cfor rapid economic and social development of the country after the civil war
Dto further the cause of a united, strong and self reliant nation
Correct Answer: C
The Second National Development Plan (1970-1974) was launched after the Nigerian Civil War for rapid economic and social development of the country. The plan aimed to reconstruct and rehabilitate the war-affected areas and promote national unity.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6335.A feature unique to General Murtala Muhammed's Supreme Military Council as compared to that of General Yakubu Gowon was the
Ainclusion of civilians as members
Bexclusion of military governors from the council
Cinclusion of the Chief Justice as a member
Dthe exclusion of the Inspector-General of Police from the council
Correct Answer: A
A feature unique to General Murtala Muhammed's Supreme Military Council as compared to General Yakubu Gowon's was the inclusion of civilians as members. Murtala Muhammed appointed some civilians as commissioners, unlike Gowon.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6336.A major problem of military governments in Nigeria is the
Aabsence of proper accountability
Babolition of the post of ombudsman
Cabsence of the rule of law
Dencouragement of foreign investors
Correct Answer: A
A major problem of military governments in Nigeria is the absence of proper accountability. Military rulers are not accountable to the people through elections or legislative oversight. They are not subject to the same checks and balances as civilian governments.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6337.In 1973, following an O.A.U. resolution, Nigeria broke diplomatic relations with
ASouth Africa
BFrance
CIsrael
DCuba
Correct Answer: C
In 1973, following an OAU resolution, Nigeria broke diplomatic relations with Israel over the Yom Kippur War and Israel's occupation of Arab territories.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6338.Nigeria's foreign policy of non-alignment was a reaction to
ABritish imperialism
BEast-West ideological competition
Cmilitarism of ex-colonial powers
DThird World poverty
Correct Answer: B
Nigeria's foreign policy of non-alignment was a reaction to the East-West ideological competition (Cold War) between the United States and the Soviet Union. Nigeria did not want to take sides in the Cold War.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6339.Which of the following countries had a strained relationship with Nigeria over the Angolan crisis of 1975?
AThe Soviet Union
BTanzania
CThe United States of America
DSouth Africa
Correct Answer: C
The United States of America had a strained relationship with Nigeria over the Angolan crisis of 1975. Nigeria supported the MPLA, while the US supported the FNLA and UNITA.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6340.In the First Republic, Nigeria was very reluctant to have meaningful interaction with
AItaly
Bthe Soviet Union
Cthe United States of America
DGermany
Correct Answer: B
In the First Republic, Nigeria was very reluctant to have meaningful interaction with the Soviet Union because of its pro-Western orientation and its close ties with Britain. Nigeria only established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union in 1960 but interaction was limited.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6341.The major liberation organisation which fought for Namibia's independence was
ASWAPO
BA.N.C.
CFRELIMO
DM.P.L.A.
Correct Answer: A
The major liberation organisation which fought for Namibia's independence was SWAPO (South West Africa People's Organisation). ANC was for South Africa. FRELIMO was for Mozambique. MPLA was for Angola.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6342.Which of these international organisations is the predecessor of the United Nations?
AThe European Economic Community
BThe Organisation of American States
CThe League of Nations
DThe North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
Correct Answer: C
The League of Nations was the predecessor of the United Nations. It was established after World War I and dissolved after World War II. The United Nations was established in 1945.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6343.The dramatic rise in the membership of the U.N. during late 1991 and early 1992 is best accounted for by the
Aadmission of a large number of newly independent African States
Bappointment of the first African as Secretary General
Cbreak up of the Soviet Union into independent Republics
Dexpansion of the membership of the Security Council
Correct Answer: C
The dramatic rise in the membership of the UN during late 1991 and early 1992 is best accounted for by the breakup of the Soviet Union into independent republics. After the dissolution of the USSR, many former Soviet republics joined the UN.
Instruction
JAMB Government 1993
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1993
Q6344.Political authority refers to the
Aability to effect political action
Bcapacity to produce desired political results
Ccapacity to reshape the political behaviour of citizens
Drecognized right to exercise political power
Correct Answer: D
Political authority refers to the recognized right to exercise political power. It is power that is legitimized and accepted by those over whom it is exercised. The other options describe power or influence, not authority.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1993
Q6345.The sovereignty of a state is determined by
Aeconomic and legal aspects
Bsocial and political aspects
Cpolitical and legal aspect
Deconomic and political aspects
Correct Answer: C
The sovereignty of a state is determined by the political and legal aspects. Sovereignty is a political and legal concept — it is the supreme legal authority to make and enforce laws within a territory and to conduct foreign relations independently.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1993
Q6346.The civil service belongs to the organ of government called the
Alegislature
Bexecutive
Cjudiciary
Dparastatals
Correct Answer: B
The civil service belongs to the executive organ of government. It is the administrative arm of the executive that implements government policies. It is not part of the legislature (which makes laws) or the judiciary (which interprets laws).
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1993
Q6347.Ultimate power in a confederal state is
Aconcentrated in the central government
Bconstitutionally divided between the centre and the units
Cexercised by the larger units
Dvested in the constituent units
Correct Answer: D
Ultimate power in a confederal state is vested in the constituent units. In a confederation, the component units are sovereign and the central government is weak, deriving its authority from the units. This is the opposite of a unitary state.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1993
Q6348.Federalism is a constitutional arrangement in which
Athe national and regional governments derive their powers from the constitution
Bthe national government acts only through the regional governments
Cregional and local authorities exist at the pleasure of the national government
Dthe national government does not reach individual citizens directly
Correct Answer: A
Federalism is a constitutional arrangement in which the national and regional governments derive their powers from the constitution. Power is shared between the central government and component units, each supreme in its own sphere. Neither level exists at the pleasure of the other.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1993
Q6349.A written constitution is one that
Acannot be modified or amended
Bcan only be amended by the highest legislative body
Cis contained in a single document
Dis drawn up by draftsmen
Correct Answer: C
A written constitution is one that is contained in a single document (or a set of related documents). It is usually codified. It can be amended, though often through a special procedure. Being drawn up by draftsmen is not what makes it written.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1993
Q6350.A federal system of government can exist without
Adivision of powers
Bsupremacy of the written constitution
Can executive presidential system
Da rigid amendment procedure
Correct Answer: C
A federal system of government can exist without an executive presidential system. Nigeria, for example, had a federal system with a parliamentary system in the First Republic. Division of powers, supremacy of the constitution, and a rigid amendment procedure are essential features of federalism.