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Instruction
JAMB Government 1991
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6251.One of the weaknesses of confederation is the
Aover centralization of authority
Black of a central army
Ctendencies towards secession
Dabsence of local independence
Correct Answer: C
One of the weaknesses of a confederation is the tendency towards secession. Since the component units retain most of the power, they can choose to withdraw from the confederation at any time. This makes the confederation unstable.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6252.A system of government which emphasizes coordinate status of component units is referred to as
Afederal
Bconfederal
Cunitary
Dcommunal
Correct Answer: B
A confederal system emphasizes the coordinate status of component units. In a confederation, the component units are sovereign and the central government is weak, deriving its authority from the units. In a federal system, the central government and units are coordinate but the central government has more power.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6253.A flexible constitution is one that is
Aamended periodically
Beasy to amend
Camendable with difficulty
Deasy to interpret
Correct Answer: B
A flexible constitution is one that is easy to amend, usually by a simple Act of Parliament. The British constitution is an example. A rigid constitution is difficult to amend and requires a special procedure.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6254.Unlike the British, the United States constitution is
Arigid, federal and written
Bflexible, unitary and unwritten
Crigid, written and confederal
Dflexible, federal and unwritten
Correct Answer: A
The United States constitution is rigid (difficult to amend), federal (power is shared between the federal government and states), and written (contained in a single document). The British constitution is flexible, unitary, and unwritten.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6255.The terms, oligarchy and democracy, identify governments according to
Athe number of people who participate in it
Bthe philosophy of the state
Cformal distribution of power among governmental levels
Dinstitutional structure and relationships
Correct Answer: A
Oligarchy and democracy identify governments according to the number of people who participate in governance. Oligarchy is rule by a few. Democracy is rule by the people (majority). The other options describe other classifications.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6256.Governments whose central concern is the equitable distribution of wealth are said to be
Afeudalist
Bcapitalist
Csocialist
Dfascist
Correct Answer: C
Socialist governments are centrally concerned with the equitable distribution of wealth. Socialism aims to reduce inequality by state ownership and control of the means of production. Capitalism emphasizes private ownership and profit. Feudalism is based on land hierarchy.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6257.The presidential system of government ensures
Ademocratic rule more than other systems
Bthe sharing of executive powers with the legislature
Cthe concentration of powers in the chief executive
Dthe decentralization of executive power
Correct Answer: C
The presidential system ensures the concentration of powers in the chief executive (the president), who is both head of state and head of government. However, this power is checked by the legislature and judiciary. Unlike the parliamentary system, executive power is not shared with the legislature.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6258.The notion of checks and balances guaranteed
Athe executive is able to control the legislature
Bthe judiciary can stop all executive actions
Ceach branch of government acts as watchdog over other branches
Dthe legislature is subordinate to the judiciary
Correct Answer: C
Checks and balances ensure that each branch of government (executive, legislature, judiciary) acts as a watchdog over the other branches, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful. No branch controls the others completely.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6259.The principle of collective responsibility implies that
Athe prime minister can dissolve the entire parliament
Bthe head of state can dismiss the prime minister
Ceach offending minister can be reassigned
Dthe cabinet stands or falls together
Correct Answer: D
Collective responsibility means that the cabinet stands or falls together. All ministers are collectively responsible for government decisions. If a minister cannot support a government decision, they must resign.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6260.The application of the rule of law may be constrained by
Asecuring the tenure of office of judges
Binsulating judges from partisan politics
Cemploying men of proven integrity as judges
Dinvoking emergency powers
Correct Answer: D
The application of the rule of law may be constrained by invoking emergency powers. During a state of emergency, normal legal protections may be suspended, allowing the government to detain people without trial. The other options strengthen the rule of law.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6261.A device for controlling prolonged debates in parliament is called
Aan adjournment
Ba prorogation
Ca dissolution
Dguillotine
Correct Answer: D
A guillotine is a device for controlling prolonged debates in parliament. It sets a time limit on debate and forces a vote. Adjournment is a temporary break. Prorogation ends a session. Dissolution ends the life of parliament.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6262.In the parliamentary system, when parliament defeats a major government bill the
Aprime minister dissolves parliament
Bentire cabinet resign
Cspeaker resigns
Dopposition immediately forms a new government
Correct Answer: B
In the parliamentary system, when parliament defeats a major government bill, the entire cabinet resigns. This is because the government must retain the confidence of parliament to govern.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6263.A bill becomes an Act of Parliament after it has been
Apassed by the parliament
Bsigned by the head of state
Cprocessed through the committee of the house
Ddebated in the house
Correct Answer: B
A bill becomes an Act of Parliament after it has been signed by the head of state (presidential assent). Passing by parliament and committee stages are earlier stages in the legislative process.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6264.The primary duty of citizens to the state is
Aloyalty to traditional rulers
Bobedience to ministers
Cobedience to politicians
Dallegiance to the government
Correct Answer: D
The primary duty of citizens to the state is allegiance to the government. This includes obeying laws, paying taxes, and defending the country. Loyalty to traditional rulers, ministers, or politicians is secondary.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6265.Individual rights are said to be inalienable if they
Aapply to citizens and aliens alike
Bcannot be denied under any circumstances
Ccan only be denied after due legal process
Dcan only be denied by the legislature
Correct Answer: B
Individual rights are said to be inalienable if they cannot be denied under any circumstances. They are inherent and cannot be taken away. However, in practice, some rights can be limited through due legal process.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6266.Elections present the electorate the opportunity to
Acontrol government policies
Bcontrol members of parliament
Cassess the performance of the previous representatives
Dchoose among candidates
Correct Answer: D
Elections present the electorate the opportunity to choose among candidates. They also allow voters to assess the performance of previous representatives and control government policies indirectly, but choosing among candidates is the primary opportunity.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6267.The process of removing an elected official by the electorate after an election is termed
Aimpeachment
Bplebiscite
Crecall
Dreferendum
Correct Answer: C
Recall is the process of removing an elected official by the electorate after an election. It allows voters to remove a representative before the end of their term. Impeachment is a legislative process. Plebiscite and referendum are direct votes on issues.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6268.Groups which seek to bring about changes in government policies without actually controlling the personnel of government are known as
Atrade unions
Bpressure groups
Csecret societies
Delite groups
Correct Answer: B
Pressure groups seek to bring about changes in government policies without actually controlling the personnel of government. They influence policy through lobbying, campaigning, and other means. Political parties seek to control government.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6269.The style of government in the Sokoto caliphate was
Ademocratic
Bauthoritarian
Cpopulist
Dtotalitarian
Correct Answer: B
The style of government in the Sokoto Caliphate was authoritarian. The Sultan and emirs held absolute power, though they were advised by councils. It was not democratic in the modern sense.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6270.Which of the following traditional political systems was segmentary?
AKanem Bornu
BBenin
CIgbo
DYoruba
Correct Answer: C
The Igbo traditional political system was segmentary (acephalous). It had no centralized authority; power was dispersed among age grades, village assemblies, and title holders.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6271.Which of the following led to the introduction of indirect rule in Nigeria by the British?
ANeed for adequate financial resources
BDesire for rapid development
CSpeedy transition to independence
DManpower and personnel shortages
Correct Answer: D
Manpower and personnel shortages led to the introduction of indirect rule in Nigeria. The British lacked sufficient administrators to govern directly, so they governed through traditional rulers.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6272.Warrant chiefs were appointed to
Aprevent tribal wars
Bsupervise native courts
Cdecide divorce cases
Dtake charge of local administrations
Correct Answer: D
Warrant chiefs were appointed to take charge of local administrations. They were used by the British in areas without centralized traditional authority, such as Igboland.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6273.The 1946 Constitution is characterized by
Aofficial majority in the legislative council
Bnon-official majority in the legislature council
Cnon-official majority in the executive council
Dfederal system of government
Correct Answer: A
The 1946 Richards Constitution is characterized by an official majority in the Legislative Council. The British officials outnumbered the unofficial (Nigerian) members, ensuring British control.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6274.The Willink Commission was set up to
Asolve boundary problems
Breview revenue allocation formula
Cexamine issues relating to the welfare of groups
Ddraw up a new constitution
Correct Answer: C
The Willink Commission was set up in 1957 to examine issues relating to the welfare of minority groups in Nigeria. It recommended safeguards for minorities before independence.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6275.The state legislatures of the second republic in Nigeria had the following EXCEPT
Aspeaker
Bsenate leader
Cdeputy speaker
Dclerk of the house
Correct Answer: B
The state legislatures of the Second Republic did not have a Senate leader. State legislatures were unicameral, with a Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and Clerk. The Senate was at the federal level only.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6276.Which of these constitutions recognised local government as the third tier of government?
AThe 1946 constitution
BThe 1960 Constitution
CThe 1963 Constitution
Dthe 1979 Constitution
Correct Answer: D
The 1979 Constitution recognized local government as the third tier of government. This was a major innovation. The 1976 Local Government Reforms had already made local governments the third tier, and the 1979 Constitution entrenched it.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6277.A condition for judicial independence is the appointment of judges by the
ACivil Service Commission
BJudicial Service Commission
CLaw Review Commission
DCode of Conduct Bureau
Correct Answer: B
A condition for judicial independence is the appointment of judges by the Judicial Service Commission. This body is composed of judges and legal experts, not politicians, ensuring that appointments are based on merit.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6278.The federal system of government in Nigeria was abolished in favour of a unitary one by
AGeneral Yakubu Gowon
BGeneral Murtala Mohammed
CMajor General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
DMajor General Muhammed Buhari
Correct Answer: C
Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi abolished the federal system in favour of a unitary system through Decree No. 34 of 1966 (the Unification Decree). This was one of the grievances that led to the counter-coup of July 1966.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6279.One of the measures taken in 1988 to grant more autonomy to the local governments in Nigeria was the
Aabolition of state ministries of local government
Bcreation of the post of supervisory councillors
Ccreation of the post of chairman of local government
Dabolition of its supervision by state governments
Correct Answer: A
One of the measures taken in 1988 to grant more autonomy to local governments was the abolition of state ministries of local government. This reduced state control over local governments.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6280.Traditional rulers were restricted to ceremonial rules by the Local Government Reforms of
A1966
B1976
C1984
D1987
Correct Answer: B
Traditional rulers were restricted to ceremonial roles by the 1976 Local Government Reforms. The reforms made local governments the third tier of government and reduced the political power of traditional rulers.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6281.Which of the following is NOT associated with local government elections?
AConstituency
BBallot box
CElectoral officer
DWard
Correct Answer: A
Constituency is NOT associated with local government elections. Local government elections are conducted by wards, not constituencies. Constituencies are used for state and federal elections.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6282.The Public Service Review Commission of 1994 made proposals to ensure that the public service was
Amore effective than the private sector
Bmore attractive than the private sector
Cprofessionalized
Defficient and result oriented
Correct Answer: D
The Public Service Review Commission of 1994 (Udoji Commission) made proposals to ensure that the public service was efficient and result-oriented. It recommended performance-based pay and other reforms.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6283.Under military regimes, the branches of government that become fused are the
Ajudiciary and the executive
Bjudiciary and the legislature
Clegislature and the executive
Djudiciary, the executive and the legislature
Correct Answer: C
Under military regimes, the legislature and the executive are fused. The military head of state and the ruling council make laws (legislative function) and implement them (executive function). The judiciary is separate.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6284.Nigeria broke diplomatic relations with France under the Balewa government over
Athe Algeria war of independence
BFrench policy in the Congo
Catomic tests in the Sahara
DFrench involvement in Togolese politics
Correct Answer: C
Nigeria broke diplomatic relations with France under the Balewa government over France's atomic tests in the Sahara Desert in 1961. Nigeria considered the tests a threat to its security and environment.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6285.The Obasanjo administration nationalized the assets of the British Petroleum over the British government's policy in
AKenya
BZimbabwe
CAngola
DBotswana
Correct Answer: B
The Obasanjo administration nationalized the assets of British Petroleum in 1979 over the British government's policy in Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia). Britain was reluctant to impose sanctions on the white minority regime in Rhodesia.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6286.Nigerian foreign policy implementation is the responsibility of the
ADepartment of Immigration
BMinistry of External Affairs
CNigerian Institute of International Affairs
DMinistry of Budget and Planning
Correct Answer: B
Nigerian foreign policy implementation is the responsibility of the Ministry of External Affairs (now Ministry of Foreign Affairs). It coordinates Nigeria's relations with other countries.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6287.The head of a Nigerian mission in a Commonwealth country is called
Aan Ambassador
Ba Consul General
Ca High Commissioner
Dan Attache
Correct Answer: C
The head of a Nigerian mission in a Commonwealth country is called a High Commissioner. In non-Commonwealth countries, the head of mission is an Ambassador.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6288.Which of the following is NOT a statutory function of an embassy?
AIssuance of visas
BCollection of information
CEspionage
DWelfare of her citizens
Correct Answer: C
Espionage (spying) is NOT a statutory function of an embassy. While intelligence gathering may occur, it is not a formal or statutory function. Issuance of visas, collection of information, and welfare of citizens are legitimate functions.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6289.ECOWAS is aimed at uniting the West African states
Apolitically
Bsocially
Cculturally
Deconomically
Correct Answer: D
ECOWAS is aimed at uniting West African states economically. Its primary objective is to promote economic integration and cooperation. Political, social, and cultural cooperation are secondary.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6290.Which of these countries pioneered the idea of ECOWAS alongside Nigeria?
ACote d'Ivoire
BMali
CLiberia
DTogo
Correct Answer: D
Togo, under President Gnassingbé Eyadéma, pioneered the idea of ECOWAS alongside Nigeria under General Yakubu Gowon.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6291.Which of these countries was NOT a foundation member of the Organisation of Africa Unity?
AGhana
BEthiopia
CZimbabwe
DTanzania
Correct Answer: C
Zimbabwe was NOT a foundation member of the OAU. It was not independent in 1963. Ghana, Ethiopia, and Tanzania were founding members.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6292.The United Nations was founded with the primary objective of
Aterminating colonialism in the world
Bending the Second World War
Cpromoting world peace and security
Duniting all nations into a world federation
Correct Answer: C
The United Nations was founded with the primary objective of promoting world peace and security. It was established in 1945 after World War II to prevent future wars.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1991
Q6293.Until her independence, Namibia was a
AGermany colony
BSouth African province
CUnited Nations trusteeship
DBritish protectorate
Correct Answer: C
Until her independence, Namibia was a United Nations trusteeship administered by South Africa. It gained independence in 1990.
Instruction
JAMB Government 1992
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6294.A political authority which exercises sovereign power over a specific geographical area is termed a
Anation
Bstate
Cdominion
Dleviathan
Correct Answer: B
A state is a political authority that exercises sovereign power over a specific geographical area. It possesses four essential attributes: a definite territory, a permanent population, a government, and sovereignty. A nation is a group of people with common identity. A dominion is a self-governing territory within the British Commonwealth. Leviathan is a term used by Thomas Hobbes to describe the state.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6295.The process by which political beliefs and values are transmitted from one generation to another is best known as political
Asocialization
Bculture
Ctraining
Ddecentralization
Correct Answer: A
Political socialization is the process by which political beliefs, values, and attitudes are transmitted from one generation to another. It occurs through agents such as family, schools, peer groups, mass media, and religious institutions. Political culture refers to the beliefs and attitudes themselves. Political training is more specific and deliberate. Decentralization is the transfer of power to local levels.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6296.The fusion of the executive and legislative organs of government is associated with
Amonarch
Bthe presidential system
Cfascism
Dthe parliamentary system
Correct Answer: D
The fusion of the executive and legislative organs of government is associated with the parliamentary system. In this system, the executive (Prime Minister and cabinet) is drawn from and accountable to the legislature. The presidential system is characterized by separation of powers between the executive and legislature. Monarch and fascism are forms of government, not systems of power distribution.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6297.One criticism of delegated legislation is that it
Asubjects citizens to executive decrees
Bmakes laws too flexible
Cmakes laws too technical
Dis not useful in emergency situation
Correct Answer: A
One criticism of delegated legislation is that it subjects citizens to executive decrees. Since delegated legislation is made by the executive (ministers, agencies) rather than the elected legislature, it can lead to arbitrary rule and reduce democratic accountability. It is useful in emergencies and for technical matters, which are advantages, not criticisms.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6298.A system of government in which the central government is supreme over other levels is
Atotalitarian
Bconfederal
Cfederal
Dunitary
Correct Answer: D
A unitary system is one in which the central government is supreme over other levels of government. All power is concentrated at the center, and local governments derive their authority from the central government. In a federal system, power is shared between the central government and component units. In a confederation, the component units are supreme.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6299.Which of the following defines a constitution?
AAny written legal document
BBasic laws for the conduct of modern government
CRules adopted in legislative proceedings
DThe doctrine that limits the powers of government
Correct Answer: B
A constitution is the basic laws for the conduct of modern government. It establishes the framework of government, defines the powers of the different organs, and protects the rights of citizens. It is not just any written document, nor is it merely rules of legislative proceedings or a doctrine limiting government power (that is constitutionalism).
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1992
Q6300.Which of the following ideologies advocates governmental control over all sources of powers?
ATotalitarian
BFeudalism
CLiberation
DDemocracy
Correct Answer: A
Totalitarianism advocates governmental control over all sources of power. In a totalitarian state, the government seeks to control every aspect of public and private life. Feudalism is based on land ownership. Liberation is a movement against oppression. Democracy limits governmental control and protects individual freedoms.