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Instruction
JAMB Government 1994
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6401.What is the major distinguishing characteristic between flexible and rigid constitution?
AManner of documentation
BOne is unwritten
CAmendment procedure
DDegree of legality
Correct Answer: C
The major distinguishing characteristic between a flexible and rigid constitution is the amendment procedure. A flexible constitution can be amended by a simple majority in parliament. A rigid constitution requires a special procedure (e.g., two-thirds majority, referendum).
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6402.Which of the following best defines democracy?
AGovernment based on virtues principles and laws
BGovernment based on the spirit and letter of the constitution
CGovernment based on the free consent of the governed
DGovernment which recognizes and respects human rights as enshrined in the constitution
Correct Answer: C
Democracy is best defined as government based on the free consent of the governed. This means that the authority of government derives from the people, who express their consent through elections. While virtues, constitution, and human rights are important, consent of the governed is the defining feature.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6403.An economic system in which the major means of production are owned and controlled by a few individuals is called
Asocialism
Bcommunism
Ccommunalism
Dcapitalism
Correct Answer: D
Capitalism is an economic system in which the major means of production are owned and controlled by a few individuals (capitalists). Socialism and communism involve state or collective ownership. Communalism involves community ownership.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6404.The essence of checks and balances is to
Aenhance the functioning of government and prevent arbitrary use of power
Bensure that people have their own rights
Cmake sure that power is not delegated to other bodies or individuals
Dprevent political parties from putting pressure on government
Correct Answer: A
The essence of checks and balances is to enhance the functioning of government and prevent arbitrary use of power. Each branch of government checks the others, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful and abusing its authority.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6405.The power of a head of state to dissolve the legislature and order a general election is usually associated with the
Apresidential system
Bparliamentary system
Cmonarchical system
Dunitary system
Correct Answer: B
The power of a head of state to dissolve the legislature and order a general election is usually associated with the parliamentary system. In this system, the Prime Minister can advise the Head of State to dissolve parliament, especially when the government loses a vote of confidence or to seek a fresh mandate.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6406.Accountability in public office means that officers shall
Akeep proper account of state finances
Brender good account of their activities
Cnot accept bribes and gratification
Ddeclare their assets periodically
Correct Answer: B
Accountability in public office means that officers shall render good account of their activities. They are answerable to the public and must explain how they have used public resources and exercised their powers.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6407.The act of bringing a legislative session to an end only for business to continue later is called
Aadjournment
Bprorogation
Cresolution
Dabrogation
Correct Answer: A
Adjournment is the act of bringing a legislative session to an end only for business to continue later. It is a temporary break. Prorogation ends a session without a date for resumption. Dissolution ends the life of parliament.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6408.Which of the following violates the principle of the rule of law?
AArbitrary increases of prices by traders
BCriticism of government actions by the press
CArbitrariness of government policies
DArbitrariness of individuals in the society
Correct Answer: C
Arbitrariness of government policies violates the principle of the rule of law. The rule of law requires that government actions be based on established laws, not arbitrary decisions. Arbitrary price increases by traders and individuals are also violations but government arbitrariness is more fundamental.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6409.An electoral system which restricts voting rights to only male adults is termed
Apopular franchise
Bmale suffrage
Climited franchise
Dadult suffrage
Correct Answer: B
An electoral system which restricts voting rights to only male adults is termed male suffrage. Universal adult suffrage allows all adults to vote regardless of gender. Limited franchise restricts voting based on property or education.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6410.Which of the following best represents duties and obligations of government?
ARespect for national symbols
BProvision of public utilities
CCare of public property
DObedience of laws
Correct Answer: B
Provision of public utilities best represents the duties and obligations of government. Governments are responsible for providing essential services like roads, water, electricity, and healthcare. Respect for national symbols, care of public property, and obedience of laws are duties of citizens, not government.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6411.An electoral process in which candidates for elective offices are selected by party members is known as
Aprimary election
Belectoral college
Cdirect election
Dpreferential voting
Correct Answer: A
A primary election is an electoral process in which candidates for elective offices are selected by party members. It is an intra-party election. An electoral college is a body of electors. Direct election is by all voters. Preferential voting is a ranking system.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6412.The principle whereby a legislator's tenure is abruptly brought to an end by his constituency is known as
Arejection
Breference
Crecall
Dreturn
Correct Answer: C
Recall is the principle whereby a legislator's tenure is abruptly brought to an end by his constituency. Voters can petition to remove a representative before the end of their term. Rejection and return are not standard terms.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6413.One of the main functions of a political party is
Apolitical evaluation
Binterest aggregation
Cpolitical accountability
Dinterest determination
Correct Answer: B
Interest aggregation is one of the main functions of a political party. Political parties aggregate (combine) the diverse interests of various groups in society into a coherent policy programme. Political evaluation, accountability, and interest determination are not standard functions.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6414.Which of the following traditional Nigerian societies practised the system of checks and balances?
ATiv
BYoruba
CHausa
DIgbo
Correct Answer: B
The Yoruba traditional society practised the system of checks and balances. The Oba's power was checked by the Oyomesi (council of chiefs) and the Ogboni (secret society). The other societies had different systems.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6415.In terms of administrative structure, which of the following sets of pre-colonial Nigerian political systems do NOT match?
AIgbo and Tiv
BBenin and Igbo
CSokoto and Oyo
DBenin and Sokoto
Correct Answer: B
Benin and Igbo do NOT match in terms of administrative structure. Benin had a centralized, monarchical system with the Oba as the head. The Igbo had a decentralized, acephalous (stateless) system. Sokoto and Oyo were both centralized. Igbo and Tiv were both acephalous.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6416.Nationalist activities were earlier in British than in French West Africa because the
AFrench West Africans were not interested in having self-government
BBritish colonialists were no longer interested in governing their acquired territories
CFrench administrative policies did not allow for political agitation
Dnationalists in British West Africa were more united than their French counterparts
Correct Answer: C
Nationalist activities were earlier in British than in French West Africa because French administrative policies did not allow for political agitation. The French policy of assimilation and later association was more restrictive of political organization. The British allowed more political space.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6417.In British West Africa, the elective principle was first introduced in
ANigeria
BGhana
CSierra Leone
DThe Gambia
Correct Answer: A
In British West Africa, the elective principle was first introduced in Nigeria by the Clifford Constitution of 1922. It allowed for the election of a few Africans into the Legislative Council.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6418.A thorny issue during the 1957/58 Nigerian constitutional conferences was the
Aleadership of the first post-independence government
Bproblem of ethnic minorities
Ccontrol of the MidWest by the Western Region
Dstatus of Lagos
Correct Answer: B
A thorny issue during the 1957/58 Nigerian constitutional conferences was the problem of ethnic minorities. Minority groups in the regions feared domination by the major ethnic groups. The Willink Commission was set up to address this issue.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6419.In the 1963 Constitution, there was separation of powers between the
Apresident and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces
Bexecutive and the legislature
Chead of state and the president
Dhead of government and the head of state
Correct Answer: D
In the 1963 Constitution, there was separation of powers between the head of government (Prime Minister) and the head of state (President). The President was ceremonial, while the Prime Minister was the head of government. The executive and legislature were fused in the parliamentary system.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6420.A major feature which differentiated the 1963 and 1979 constitutions was that in the former,
Aministers were appointed from the National Assembly
Bministers were appointed from outside the National Assembly
Cthe prime minister was elected by the whole country
Dthe National Assembly comprised the senate and the House of Assembly
Correct Answer: A
A major feature which differentiated the 1963 and 1979 constitutions was that in the 1963 Constitution, ministers were appointed from the National Assembly (parliamentary system). In the 1979 Constitution, ministers were appointed from outside the National Assembly (presidential system).
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6421.A court order compelling the executive or its agencies to produce an unlawfully detained person is called a writ of
Amandamus
Bsubpoena
Chabeas corpus
Dinjunction
Correct Answer: C
A writ of habeas corpus is a court order compelling the executive or its agencies to produce an unlawfully detained person. It protects the right to personal liberty. Mandamus compels an official to perform a duty. Subpoena compels a witness to appear. Injunction restrains an action.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6422.The primary function of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is to
Apromote and protect the security of the nation
Bprotect the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces
Cprotect the citizens against corrupt and oppressive politicians
Dproject the country's image by participating in peace keeping operations
Correct Answer: A
The primary function of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is to promote and protect the security of the nation. This includes defending the country against external aggression and maintaining territorial integrity. Peacekeeping operations are secondary.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6423.Which organ was enshrined in the 1979 constitution to protect public servants from political interference and arbitrary dismissal?
APublic Complaints Commission
BCode of Conduct Bureau
CFederal Judicial Service Commission
DFederal Civil Service Commission
Correct Answer: D
The Federal Civil Service Commission was enshrined in the 1979 Constitution to protect public servants from political interference and arbitrary dismissal. It handles appointment, promotion, discipline, and dismissal of civil servants.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6424.The political party that replaced NNDP before independence was
ANYM
BNCNC
CUNDP
DAG
Correct Answer: B
The political party that replaced the NNDP before independence was the NCNC (National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons). The NNDP declined after the death of Herbert Macaulay in 1946, and the NCNC became the dominant party in the South.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6425.Apart from discussing the draft of the 1979 constitution, what was the major pre-occupation of the Constituent Assembly in 1978?
ARevenue Allocation
BSharia issue
CFormation of Political Parties
DElection of a President
Correct Answer: B
Apart from discussing the draft of the 1979 constitution, the major pre-occupation of the Constituent Assembly in 1978 was the Sharia issue. There was intense debate over whether to include a Sharia Court of Appeal in the constitution.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6426.The first minority state to be created in the Nigerian federation was
ABenue-Plateau
BCross River
CKwara
DMid-west
Correct Answer: D
The first minority state to be created in the Nigerian federation was the Mid-West Region in 1963. It was created out of the Western Region to protect the interests of minorities in the area.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6427.One major constraint on the smooth operation of federation in Nigeria is the
Alack of an acceptable revenue allocation formula
Binability to conduct a successful census
Chigh cost of administration
Dfrequent change of government
Correct Answer: A
One major constraint on the smooth operation of federation in Nigeria is the lack of an acceptable revenue allocation formula. The sharing of national revenue among the federal, state, and local governments has been a contentious issue since independence.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6428.One of the basic differences between ministries and public corporations is that while ministries are
Arun on rules, public corporations are not
Bwholly owned by the government, public corporations are owned by both government and individuals
Cnot established with specific statutes, public corporations are
Dnot important in developmental process, public corporations are
Correct Answer: C
One basic difference between ministries and public corporations is that while ministries are not established with specific statutes, public corporations are. Public corporations are established by specific laws (Acts) of the legislature. Ministries are established by executive order.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6429.Privatization and commercialization of public enterprises in Nigeria will lead to further entrenchment of
Asocialism
Bcapitalism
Cwelfarism
Dfascism
Correct Answer: B
Privatization and commercialization of public enterprises in Nigeria will lead to further entrenchment of capitalism. These policies transfer ownership and control from the government to private individuals and businesses, promoting private enterprise.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6430.The 1976 Local Government Reforms has
Areduced political corruption at the local level
Bresulted in accelerated development in the rural areas
Ccreated more autonomy for local administration
Dreduced the political roles of traditional rulers
Correct Answer: D
The 1976 Local Government Reforms reduced the political roles of traditional rulers. The reforms made local governments the third tier of government and restricted traditional rulers to ceremonial roles.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6431.The Babangida administration's transition to civil rule programme officially started in
A1992
B1990
C1987
D1985
Correct Answer: C
The Babangida administration's transition to civil rule programme officially started in 1987. It was originally scheduled to end in 1990 but was extended to 1993.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6432.A major negative impact of military intervention in Nigerian politics is the
Apoliticization of the military
Bdomination of the economy by foreign powers
Cpoor performance of the military in foreign peace-keeping operations
Dneglect of the welfare of military personnel
Correct Answer: A
A major negative impact of military intervention in Nigerian politics is the politicization of the military. The military became involved in political decision-making and was divided along political and ethnic lines, undermining its professionalism.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6433.The committee that recommended Abuja as the new Federal Capital was headed by
AGraham Douglas
BMamman Nasir
CRotimi Williams
DAkinola Aguda
Correct Answer: D
The committee that recommended Abuja as the new Federal Capital was headed by Justice Akinola Aguda. It was set up in 1975 and submitted its report in 1976.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6434.The term, comprador bourgeoisie, has been used by scholars to describe
Aforeign businessmen in Nigeria
Bforeign diplomats working in Nigeria
CNigerian businessmen who represent foreign interests
DNigerian contractors to foreign government
Correct Answer: C
The term comprador bourgeoisie has been used by scholars to describe Nigerian businessmen who represent foreign interests. They act as intermediaries between foreign capital and the domestic economy, profiting from this relationship.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6435.Which of the following countries is closely associated with the development of Ajaokuta Steel Project?
AU.S.A
BGermany
CIndia
DRussia
Correct Answer: D
Russia (the Soviet Union) is closely associated with the development of the Ajaokuta Steel Project. The Soviet Union provided technical and financial assistance for the project in the 1980s.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6436.The foreign affairs minister who advocated the 'Concert of Medium Powers' was
AProf. Ibrahim Gambari
BMajor-General Joge Garba
CAlhaji Rilwanu Lukman
DProf. Bolaji Akinyemi
Correct Answer: D
The foreign affairs minister who advocated the 'Concert of Medium Powers' was Prof. Bolaji Akinyemi. He proposed that medium-sized powers should cooperate to influence international affairs.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6437.Which of the following reasons best explains why Nigeria during the first republic, could not pursue an independent foreign policy?
AThe numerous differences among the ethnic groups
BLack of political ideology
CNigeria was a non-aligned country
DNigeria's economy was dependent on the Western countries
Correct Answer: D
Nigeria during the First Republic could not pursue an independent foreign policy because Nigeria's economy was dependent on Western countries, particularly Britain. This economic dependence limited Nigeria's foreign policy options.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6438.The British prime minister who opposed the cancellation of Nigeria's debt was
AMargaret Thatcher
BEdward Heath
CJohn Major
DHarold Wilson
Correct Answer: A
The British Prime Minister who opposed the cancellation of Nigeria's debt was Margaret Thatcher. She was known for her conservative economic policies and opposition to debt relief.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6439.Which of the following African countries received Nigeria's assistance to fight her war of independence in 1975/76?
ANamibia
BAngola
CSouth Africa
DMozambique
Correct Answer: B
Angola received Nigeria's assistance to fight her war of independence in 1975/76. Nigeria supported the MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) in the Angolan civil war.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6440.Which Nigerian was the executive secretary of the ECA?
AChief Emeka Anyaoku
BProf. Adebayo Adedeji
CChief Matthew Mbu
DAlhaji Abubakar Alhaji
Correct Answer: B
Prof. Adebayo Adedeji was the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA). He served from 1975 to 1991.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6441.Nigeria was regarded as a 'Frontline State' because she
Aassisted liberation struggles in Southern Africa
Bassisted ECOMOG troops in Liberia
Csent troops for peace-keeping in Somalia
Dsent policemen to Namibia
Correct Answer: A
Nigeria was regarded as a 'Frontline State' because she assisted liberation struggles in Southern Africa. Nigeria supported movements fighting against apartheid in South Africa and colonial rule in Zimbabwe, Namibia, Angola, and Mozambique.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6442.The major strategy used by OPEC to influence oil price is by
Adetermining the quantity of oil to be produced at any given period
Binfluencing buyers at the international market to buy at high price
Callowing member countries to produce at their discretion
Dincreasing the supply of the commodity
Correct Answer: A
The major strategy used by OPEC to influence oil prices is by determining the quantity of oil to be produced at any given period. By setting production quotas for member countries, OPEC can control supply and influence prices.
JAMB (UTME)
Government
1994
Q6443.The Gulf war of 1990 is an indication that the U.N.O. is unable to
Aensure free world trade
Bstop colonialism
Ccontrol armament
Densure permanent world peace
Correct Answer: D
The Gulf War of 1990 is an indication that the UN is unable to ensure permanent world peace. Despite the UN's existence, Iraq invaded Kuwait, leading to a major war. The UN can only respond to conflicts, not prevent them entirely.
Instruction
JAMB Chemistry 2010
JAMB (UTME)
Chemistry
2010
Q6444.Which chemistry paper type is given to you?
AType A
BType B
CType C
DType D
Correct Answer: A
The question paper type is indicated on the top of your question paper. You should check the instruction on your exam paper to confirm.
JAMB (UTME)
Chemistry
2010
Q6445.Which of the following is an example of a mixture?
ACommon salt
BBlood
CSand
DWashing soda
Correct Answer: B
Blood is a mixture because it contains various components like red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets that can be separated by physical means. Common salt (NaCl), sand (SiO₂), and washing soda (Na₂CO₃) are compounds with fixed compositions.
JAMB (UTME)
Chemistry
2010
Q6446.Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in calcium trioxonitrate (V) [Ca = 40, N = 14, O = 16]
A8.5%
B13.1%
C17.1%
D27.6%
Correct Answer: C
The formula is Ca(NO₃)₂. Molar mass = 40 + 2(14 + 3×16) = 40 + 2(14 + 48) = 40 + 2(62) = 40 + 124 = 164 g/mol. Mass of nitrogen = 2 × 14 = 28 g. Percentage = (28/164) × 100 = 17.07% ≈ 17.1%.
JAMB (UTME)
Chemistry
2010
Q6447.The droplets of water observed around a bottle of milk taken out of the refrigerator is due to the fact that the
Awater vapour in the air around the bottle gains some energy from the bottle
Btemperature of the milk drops as it loses heat into the surroundings
Csaturated vapour pressure of the milk is equal to the atmospheric pressure
Dwater vapour in the air around the bottle loses some of its energy to the bottle
Correct Answer: D
When a cold bottle is taken out of the refrigerator, the water vapour in the surrounding air loses heat to the cold bottle, condenses, and forms droplets on the bottle's surface. This is condensation.
JAMB (UTME)
Chemistry
2010
Q6448.The volume of a given gas is V cm³ at P mmHg. What is the new volume of the gas if the pressure is reduced to half at constant temperature?
A4V cm³
B2V cm³
CV/2 cm³
DV cm³
Correct Answer: B
According to Boyle's Law, P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ at constant temperature. If P₂ = P/2, then V₂ = P₁V₁/P₂ = P × V / (P/2) = 2V. The volume doubles.
JAMB (UTME)
Chemistry
2010
Q6449.Moving from left to right across a period, the general rise in the first ionization energy can be attributed to the
Adecrease in nuclear charge
Bincrease in nuclear charge
Cdecrease in screening effect
Dincrease in screening effect
Correct Answer: B
Across a period, the nuclear charge increases while the screening effect remains relatively constant. This stronger attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electrons makes it harder to remove an electron, increasing ionization energy.
JAMB (UTME)
Chemistry
2010
Q6450.How many unpaired electron(s) are there in the nitrogen sublevels?
A3
B2
C1
DNone
Correct Answer: A
Nitrogen has atomic number 7. Its electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p³. The 2p sublevel has three electrons, each occupying a separate orbital with parallel spins (Hund's rule). Therefore, there are 3 unpaired electrons.