Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1451.
What does the term "sustainability" refer to in environmental technology?
A
Using materials only once
B
Maximising resource extraction
C
Maintaining ecological balance for future generations
D
Avoiding any form of technology
Correct Answer: C
Sustainability aims to keep ecosystems healthy for future use.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1452.
In basic geometry, what is the sum of the interior angles of a triangle?
A
90°
B
180°
C
270°
D
360°
Correct Answer: B
The interior angles of any triangle always sum to 180°.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1453.
Which of the following tools is used for measuring length?
A
Ruler
B
Compass
C
Protractor
D
Scale
Correct Answer: A
A ruler is a standard tool for measuring linear dimensions.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1454.
Which safety precaution is most important when using a hot iron in crafts?
A
Wearing sunglasses
B
Using a heat-resistant mat
C
Keeping the iron in a drawer
D
Turning it on only when needed
Correct Answer: B
A heat-resistant mat protects surfaces from burns.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1455.
What is the primary function of a computer's CPU?
A
Store data
B
Display images
C
Process instructions
D
Connect to the internet
Correct Answer: C
The CPU executes program instructions and processes data.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1456.
In a water cycle diagram, evaporation occurs from which of the following?
A
Soil
B
Land
C
Water bodies
D
Rocks
Correct Answer: C
Water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers into the atmosphere.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1457.
Which of the following is a characteristic of biodegradable plastics?
A
They never break down
B
They decompose in natural environments
C
They are made from fossil fuels
D
They are heavier than glass
Correct Answer: B
Biodegradable plastics break down into natural substances over time.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1458.
The term "prototype" refers to:
A
A finished product ready for sale
B
A preliminary model used for testing
C
A design plan only
D
A marketing strategy
Correct Answer: B
A prototype is a working model used to test design ideas.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1459.
Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
A
Wind
B
Timber
C
Natural gas
D
Hydro power
Correct Answer: C
Natural gas is a fossil fuel that cannot be replenished quickly.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1460.
In the context of Basic Technology, what does "CAD" stand for?
A
Computer Aided Design
B
Circular Aesthetic Design
C
Conventional Art Development
D
Creative Application Development
Correct Answer: A
CAD refers to software used to design and model objects.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1461.
What is the main reason for using a safety shield on a cutting tool?
A
To improve cutting speed
B
To protect the user from flying debris
C
To reduce noise
D
To increase tool lifespan
Correct Answer: B
The shield blocks debris that could harm the user.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1462.
Which of the following best describes "electrolysis"?
A
A process that uses electricity to break down a compound
B
A method of painting metal surfaces
C
A type of renewable energy
D
A way to sharpen blades
Correct Answer: A
Electrolysis uses electrical current to split a substance into its components.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1463.
In a simple machine, which component provides a mechanical advantage?
A
Lever arm
B
Motor
C
Battery
D
Screw
Correct Answer: A
A lever amplifies force, giving a mechanical advantage.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1464.
What is the purpose of a "heat sink" in electronic devices?
A
To increase temperature
B
To dissipate heat and keep components cool
C
To store heat for later use
D
To act as a battery
Correct Answer: B
Heat sinks absorb and radiate heat away from electronics.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1465.
Which of the following is a benefit of using plastic containers for food storage?
A
They are biodegradable
B
They are heavy and fragile
C
They are lightweight and non-porous
D
They dissolve in water
Correct Answer: C
Plastic containers are light, non-porous, and convenient for storage.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1466.
Which of the following is an example of a non-electrical tool used in carpentry?
A
Drill
B
Saw
C
Soldering iron
D
Oscilloscope
Correct Answer: B
A saw is a manual, non-electrical tool for cutting wood.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1467.
In the context of environmental technology, what does "waste segregation" mean?
A
Mixing all waste together
B
Sorting waste into different categories for recycling
C
Burning all waste at once
D
Transporting waste to a landfill
Correct Answer: B
Segregation separates recyclable, organic, and hazardous waste.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1468.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a good prototype?
A
It is cheap and quick to make
B
It is perfect and final
C
It uses only expensive materials
D
It is difficult to modify
Correct Answer: A
Prototypes are inexpensive, quick, and modifiable for testing.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1469.
Which of the following is a primary color used in paint mixing?
A
Green
B
Purple
C
Red
D
Orange
Correct Answer: C
Red, blue, and yellow are primary colors for mixing paint.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1470.
In Basic Technology, what does "ergonomics" refer to?
A
The study of ancient tools
B
The design of products for user comfort and efficiency
C
The process of painting surfaces
D
The manufacturing of electrical circuits
Correct Answer: B
Ergonomics focuses on user-friendly design to reduce strain.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1471.
Which of the following is a common method for measuring electrical resistance?
A
Ohmmeter
B
Thermometer
C
Barometer
D
Speedometer
Correct Answer: A
An ohmmeter measures resistance in ohms.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1472.
In a basic water treatment system, which component removes suspended solids?
A
Chlorine tablet
B
Filter
C
UV lamp
D
pH meter
Correct Answer: B
Filters physically remove particles from water.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1473.
What is the main advantage of using a rechargeable battery over a disposable one?
A
It is cheaper to produce
B
It can be recharged many times
C
It has a higher voltage permanently
D
It is heavier
Correct Answer: B
Rechargeable batteries can be used repeatedly, reducing waste.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1474.
Which of the following is a key step in the design process for a new gadget?
A
Ignoring user feedback
B
Prototyping and testing
C
Skipping the concept stage
D
Using only expensive materials
Correct Answer: B
Prototyping allows testing and refinement before final production.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1475.
In the Nigerian Basic Technology curriculum, the term "ICT" stands for:
A
Integrated Community Training
B
Information and Communication Technology
C
Industrial Construction Techniques
D
International Computer Testing
Correct Answer: B
ICT refers to technologies that provide information and communication.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1476.
Which of the following is a benefit of using solar panels in rural areas?
A
They require constant maintenance
B
They produce energy only during the day
C
They reduce dependence on grid electricity
D
They are expensive to install
Correct Answer: C
Solar panels provide local power, decreasing reliance on the grid.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1477.
In basic safety, what does PPE stand for?
A
Personal Protective Equipment
B
Public Power Engine
C
Primary Production Equipment
D
Professional Project Evaluation
Correct Answer: A
PPE includes items like gloves, goggles, and helmets for safety.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1478.
What is the primary purpose of a "heat-resistant glove" when working with hot metal?
A
To increase hand temperature
B
To protect the hand from burns
C
To improve grip on metal surfaces
D
To reflect heat back to the user
Correct Answer: B
The glove insulates the hand from high temperatures.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1479.
Which of the following best describes "electromagnetic induction"?
A
Generating light from a battery
B
Producing voltage by moving a conductor through a magnetic field
C
Cooling metal with liquid nitrogen
D
Painting surfaces with metal dust
Correct Answer: B
Electromagnetic induction creates electricity when a conductor moves in a magnetic field.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1480.
In the context of Basic Technology, what does "CAD" help students do?
A
Cook meals
B
Design and model objects digitally
C
Build houses only
D
Write essays
Correct Answer: B
CAD software enables digital creation and modification of designs.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1481.
Which of the following is a primary benefit of using a "safety harness" in construction?
A
It increases the speed of work
B
It prevents falls and injuries
C
It improves the appearance of the site
D
It reduces the need for helmets
Correct Answer: B
A harness secures the worker, preventing falls.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1482.
What is the main function of a "fume extractor" in a workshop?
A
To add aroma to the air
B
To remove toxic fumes and improve air quality
C
To cool the workshop
D
To increase humidity
Correct Answer: B
A fume extractor removes hazardous fumes from the workspace.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1483.
In a simple mechanical system, which part converts rotational motion into linear motion?
A
Gear
B
Pulley
C
Lever
D
Screw
Correct Answer: D
A screw transforms rotational force into linear displacement.
Junior Certificate Examination
Basic Technology
Q1484.
Which of the following is a key consideration when selecting a material for a household appliance?
A
Color only
B
Cost, durability, and safety
C
Brand name only
D
Size only
Correct Answer: B
Material choice depends on cost, durability, and safety factors.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1485.
Which of the following soil pH levels is most suitable for the growth of most vegetable crops?
Correct Answer: B
Most vegetables prefer a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH of about 6.0 to 7.0 for optimal nutrient availability.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1486.
In a crop rotation system, which of the following crops is best used to fix atmospheric nitrogen?
A
Corn
B
Soybean
C
Tomato
D
Potato
Correct Answer: B
Soybeans are legumes that form symbiotic relationships with Rhizobium bacteria, fixing nitrogen in the soil.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1487.
What is the primary function of a drip irrigation system in arid regions?
A
Increase wind speed
B
Reduce water evaporation
C
Promote soil compaction
D
Increase pesticide drift
Correct Answer: B
Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone, minimizing evaporation and conserving water.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1488.
Which of the following diseases is caused by the fungal pathogen *Phytophthora infestans*?
A
Powdery mildew
B
Late blight of potato
C
Fusarium wilt
D
Root rot
Correct Answer: B
Phytophthora infestans causes late blight, a serious disease affecting potatoes and tomatoes.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1489.
The process by which plants convert atmospheric CO₂ into organic compounds using light energy is known as:
A
Respiration
B
Photosynthesis
C
Transpiration
D
Fermentation
Correct Answer: B
Photosynthesis uses light energy to fix CO₂ into sugars.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1490.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of loamy soil?
A
Good drainage
B
High clay content
C
Balanced sand, silt, and clay
D
Retains moisture and nutrients well
Correct Answer: B
Loam has moderate clay; high clay would make it clayey, not loamy.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1491.
In integrated pest management (IPM), the first step to control a pest population is:
A
Apply chemical pesticide
B
Introduce natural predators
C
Monitor pest levels
D
Destroy all crops
Correct Answer: C
Monitoring determines if pest levels exceed thresholds before deciding on control measures.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1492.
Which of the following is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture?
A
Solar panels
B
Livestock methane
C
Wind turbines
D
Geothermal energy
Correct Answer: B
Methane produced by ruminants is a significant greenhouse gas source in agriculture.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1493.
A farmer wants to increase soil organic matter. Which of the following practices is most effective?
A
Remove crop residues immediately
B
Use synthetic fertilizers only
C
Incorporate compost into the soil
D
Plow soil deeply every week
Correct Answer: C
Adding compost enriches soil organic matter, improving structure and fertility.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1494.
Which of the following is a key indicator of soil salinity problems?
A
High pH
B
Low moisture
C
Reduced plant growth and yellowing leaves
D
High nitrogen content
Correct Answer: C
Salt stress often causes chlorosis and stunted growth in crops.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1495.
The term "biomass" in an agricultural context refers to:
A
The amount of water stored in soil
B
The total mass of living organisms in a given area
C
The number of livestock per hectare
D
The yield of a single crop
Correct Answer: B
Biomass is the total mass of living plants and animals in an ecosystem.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1496.
Which of the following best describes the function of a greenhouse?
A
To increase wind speed
B
To provide shade for crops
C
To control temperature and humidity for plant growth
D
To store harvested grains
Correct Answer: C
Greenhouses regulate microclimate to promote year-round crop production.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1497.
What is the main advantage of using hydroponic systems over conventional soil cultivation?
A
Lower nutrient use
B
Reduced water consumption
C
Increased soil erosion
D
Higher pesticide requirement
Correct Answer: B
Hydroponics delivers nutrients directly to roots, using less water than soil cultivation.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1498.
Which of the following is a primary benefit of crop diversification?
A
Higher input costs
B
Increased pest outbreaks
C
Reduced risk of total crop failure
D
Lower market prices
Correct Answer: C
Diversifying crops spreads risk, as failure in one crop may be offset by another.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1499.
In the context of animal nutrition, what does the term "protein efficiency ratio" measure?
A
Amount of protein in feed
B
Growth per unit of protein consumed
C
Protein loss in manure
D
Protein content of milk
Correct Answer: B
Protein efficiency ratio compares animal weight gain to protein intake.
Junior Certificate Examination
Agricultural Science
Q1500.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a temperate climate suitable for wheat production?
A
Average annual rainfall > 2000 mm
B
Frost-free period of 120 days
C
Year-round high temperatures
D
Annual rainfall < 300 mm
Correct Answer: B
Wheat requires a frost-free period of about 120 days to complete its growth cycle.